PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: A high burden of physical, mental, and occupational health problems among migrant workers has been well-documented, but data on undocumented migrant workers are limited and their well-being has rarely been compared to that of the general population.
METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional survey of non-professional migrant workers in South Korea in early 2021, we described their physical, psychological, social well-being and health behaviors across a wide range of outcomes, including self-rated health, occupational injury, cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, meal pattern, happiness, mental illness, social support, and social participation. The outcomes were first compared between documented and undocumented migrant workers in generalized linear regressions adjusting for potential confounders. Then, the well-being of the migrant workers was compared against that of the general population using data from the Korean Happiness Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of the South Korean general population conducted in late 2020. The parametric g-formula was performed to adjust for potential confounders.
RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, the undocumented migrant workers were less likely to be happy or participate in social communities, and much more likely to have anxiety or depression, smoke cigarettes, or engage in heavy alcohol consumption than the documented migrant workers. When compared to the general South Korean population, an evident social gradient emerged for happiness and mental illness; the undocumented experienced the worst outcome, followed by the documented, and then the general population. Also, the undocumented migrant workers were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population.
CONCLUSIONS: The undocumented migrant workers face considerably greater challenges in terms of mental health and happiness, demonstrate higher rates of risky health behaviors such as smoking and heavy drinking, and experience a lack of social support and community integration. A stark social gradient in happiness, mental illness, and cigarette smoking exists among the documented, undocumented migrant workers and the general population in South Korea. Socio-structural factors are likely to play a crucial role in contributing to the suboptimal level of overall well-being of undocumented migrant workers. Policy-level interventions as well as interpersonal efforts are in urgent need.
METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional survey of non-professional migrant workers in South Korea in early 2021, we described their physical, psychological, social well-being and health behaviors across a wide range of outcomes, including self-rated health, occupational injury, cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, meal pattern, happiness, mental illness, social support, and social participation. The outcomes were first compared between documented and undocumented migrant workers in generalized linear regressions adjusting for potential confounders. Then, the well-being of the migrant workers was compared against that of the general population using data from the Korean Happiness Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of the South Korean general population conducted in late 2020. The parametric g-formula was performed to adjust for potential confounders.
RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, the undocumented migrant workers were less likely to be happy or participate in social communities, and much more likely to have anxiety or depression, smoke cigarettes, or engage in heavy alcohol consumption than the documented migrant workers. When compared to the general South Korean population, an evident social gradient emerged for happiness and mental illness; the undocumented experienced the worst outcome, followed by the documented, and then the general population. Also, the undocumented migrant workers were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population.
CONCLUSIONS: The undocumented migrant workers face considerably greater challenges in terms of mental health and happiness, demonstrate higher rates of risky health behaviors such as smoking and heavy drinking, and experience a lack of social support and community integration. A stark social gradient in happiness, mental illness, and cigarette smoking exists among the documented, undocumented migrant workers and the general population in South Korea. Socio-structural factors are likely to play a crucial role in contributing to the suboptimal level of overall well-being of undocumented migrant workers. Policy-level interventions as well as interpersonal efforts are in urgent need.
摘要：
背景：身体负担很高，心理，农民工的职业健康问题已经有据可查，但是关于无证移徙工人的数据有限，他们的福祉很少与普通人口的福祉进行比较。
方法：使用2021年初对韩国非职业移民工人进行的横断面调查的数据，我们描述了他们的身体，心理,社会福祉和健康行为跨越广泛的结果，包括自我评估的健康，职业伤害,吸烟,大量饮酒,膳食模式,幸福,精神疾病,社会支持,和社会参与。首先在调整潜在混杂因素的广义线性回归中比较有记录的和无记录的移民工人之间的结果。然后，使用韩国幸福感调查的数据，将农民工的幸福感与普通人群的幸福感进行了比较，这是在2020年底对韩国普通人群进行的具有全国代表性的调查。进行参数g公式以调整潜在的混杂因素。
结果：在调整了潜在的混杂因素后，无证农民工不太可能快乐或参与社会社区，更有可能有焦虑或抑郁，抽香烟,或者比记录在案的农民工大量饮酒。与一般韩国人口相比，幸福和精神疾病出现了明显的社会梯度；没有证件的人经历了最糟糕的结果，其次是记录在案的，然后是普通民众。此外，无证移民工人比普通人群更有可能吸烟。
结论：无证农民工在心理健康和幸福感方面面临更大的挑战，显示出较高的危险健康行为，如吸烟和大量饮酒，缺乏社会支持和社区融合。幸福中鲜明的社会梯度，精神疾病,吸烟存在于文献中，韩国的无证移民工人和普通民众。社会结构因素可能在造成无证移徙工人总体福祉的次优水平方面发挥关键作用。迫切需要政策层面的干预以及人际努力。
方法：使用2021年初对韩国非职业移民工人进行的横断面调查的数据，我们描述了他们的身体，心理,社会福祉和健康行为跨越广泛的结果，包括自我评估的健康，职业伤害,吸烟,大量饮酒,膳食模式,幸福,精神疾病,社会支持,和社会参与。首先在调整潜在混杂因素的广义线性回归中比较有记录的和无记录的移民工人之间的结果。然后，使用韩国幸福感调查的数据，将农民工的幸福感与普通人群的幸福感进行了比较，这是在2020年底对韩国普通人群进行的具有全国代表性的调查。进行参数g公式以调整潜在的混杂因素。
结果：在调整了潜在的混杂因素后，无证农民工不太可能快乐或参与社会社区，更有可能有焦虑或抑郁，抽香烟,或者比记录在案的农民工大量饮酒。与一般韩国人口相比，幸福和精神疾病出现了明显的社会梯度；没有证件的人经历了最糟糕的结果，其次是记录在案的，然后是普通民众。此外，无证移民工人比普通人群更有可能吸烟。
结论：无证农民工在心理健康和幸福感方面面临更大的挑战，显示出较高的危险健康行为，如吸烟和大量饮酒，缺乏社会支持和社区融合。幸福中鲜明的社会梯度，精神疾病,吸烟存在于文献中，韩国的无证移民工人和普通民众。社会结构因素可能在造成无证移徙工人总体福祉的次优水平方面发挥关键作用。迫切需要政策层面的干预以及人际努力。
