Abstract：
Silk is a natural engineering material with a unique set of properties. The major constituent of silk is fibroin, a protein widely used in the biomedical field because of its mechanical strength, toughness and elasticity, as well as its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The domestication of silkworms allows large amounts of fibroin to be extracted inexpensively from silk cocoons. However, the industrial extraction process has drawbacks in terms of sustainability and the quality of the final medical product. The heterologous production of fibroin using recombinant DNA technology is a promising approach to address these issues, but the production of such recombinant proteins is challenging and further optimization is required due to the large size and repetitive structure of fibroin\'s DNA and amino acid sequence. In this review, we describe the structure-function relationship of fibroin, the current extraction process, and some insights into the sustainability of silk production for biomedical applications. We focus on recent advances in molecular biotechnology underpinning the production of recombinant fibroin, working toward a standardized, successful and sustainable process.
摘要：
丝绸是一种具有独特性能的天然工程材料。丝的主要成分是丝素蛋白，一种因其机械强度而广泛应用于生物医学领域的蛋白质，韧性和弹性，以及其生物相容性和生物降解性。家蚕的驯化可以从蚕茧中廉价地提取大量的丝素蛋白。然而,工业提取过程在可持续性和最终医疗产品的质量方面存在缺陷。使用重组DNA技术异源生产丝心蛋白是解决这些问题的有前途的方法，但是这种重组蛋白的生产具有挑战性，由于丝心蛋白DNA和氨基酸序列的大尺寸和重复结构，需要进一步优化。在这次审查中,我们描述了丝纤蛋白的结构-功能关系，目前的提取过程，以及对用于生物医学应用的丝绸生产的可持续性的一些见解。我们专注于支持重组丝心蛋白生产的分子生物技术的最新进展，朝着标准化的方向努力，成功和可持续的过程。
