Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The emergence of pathogens co-harbouring multiple mobile resistance and virulence elements is of great concern in clinical settings. Herein, we report an O101: H10-ST167 Escherichia coli Hu106 strain isolated from the urinary tract of a female in China.
METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to present the antimicrobial resistance spectrum. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis were used to clarify the virulent and resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, the virulence of this strain was tested by the Greater wax moth larvae and siderophore production experiment.
RESULTS: The strain E. coli Hu106 was resistant to almost all antimicrobials tested, and only susceptible to aztreonam, amikacin, and tigecycline. WGS analysis revealed that the strain Hu106 co-harboured blaNDM-9 and mcr-1 on p2-Hu106, belonging to IncHI2/IncHI2A (256,000 bp). The co-existence of both resistance genes, blaNDM-9 and mcr-1, on the plasmid p2-Hu106 was mainly acquired by transposition recombination of mobile antibiotic elements mediated by IS26 and/or IS1 on IncHI2/IncHI2A type plasmid. In addition, the virulence clusters aerobactin (iutA-iucABCD) and salmochelin (iroBCDEN) were identified on an IncFIB/IncFIC(IncFII) type plasmid p1-Hu106, flanked by small mobile elements such as IS1A, ISkpn28, and IS3, respectively. After performing genomic comparison of p1-Hu106 with the WGS in NCBI, we identified that the virulent plasmid p1-Hu106-like could spread in different clones of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing its underlying dissemination mechanism between Enterobacterales. Furthermore, the strain caused a decreased survival rate of larvae and produced high siderophore units (62.33%), similar to hypervirulent K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044.
CONCLUSIONS: The strains co-carrying the multidrug-resistant plasmid p2-Hu106 and virulent plasmid p1-Hu106 should be closely monitored to prevent its further spreading.
METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to present the antimicrobial resistance spectrum. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis were used to clarify the virulent and resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, the virulence of this strain was tested by the Greater wax moth larvae and siderophore production experiment.
RESULTS: The strain E. coli Hu106 was resistant to almost all antimicrobials tested, and only susceptible to aztreonam, amikacin, and tigecycline. WGS analysis revealed that the strain Hu106 co-harboured blaNDM-9 and mcr-1 on p2-Hu106, belonging to IncHI2/IncHI2A (256,000 bp). The co-existence of both resistance genes, blaNDM-9 and mcr-1, on the plasmid p2-Hu106 was mainly acquired by transposition recombination of mobile antibiotic elements mediated by IS26 and/or IS1 on IncHI2/IncHI2A type plasmid. In addition, the virulence clusters aerobactin (iutA-iucABCD) and salmochelin (iroBCDEN) were identified on an IncFIB/IncFIC(IncFII) type plasmid p1-Hu106, flanked by small mobile elements such as IS1A, ISkpn28, and IS3, respectively. After performing genomic comparison of p1-Hu106 with the WGS in NCBI, we identified that the virulent plasmid p1-Hu106-like could spread in different clones of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing its underlying dissemination mechanism between Enterobacterales. Furthermore, the strain caused a decreased survival rate of larvae and produced high siderophore units (62.33%), similar to hypervirulent K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044.
CONCLUSIONS: The strains co-carrying the multidrug-resistant plasmid p2-Hu106 and virulent plasmid p1-Hu106 should be closely monitored to prevent its further spreading.
摘要：
目的：在临床环境中，共同携带多种移动耐药性和毒力元件的病原体的出现引起了极大的关注。在这里，我们报告了从中国女性泌尿道中分离出的O101：H10-ST167大肠杆菌Hu106菌株。
方法：使用抗生素敏感性试验来呈现抗生素耐药谱。使用全基因组测序（WGS）和生物信息学分析来阐明毒力和抗性机制。此外，通过大蜡蛾幼虫和铁载体生产实验测试了该菌株的毒力。
结果：大肠杆菌Hu106菌株对几乎所有测试的抗微生物药物都有耐药性，而且只对氨曲南敏感,阿米卡星，还有替加环素.WGS分析显示，菌株Hu106在p2-Hu106上共同携带blaNDM-9和mcr-1，属于IncHI2/IncHI2A（256,000bp）。两种抗性基因共存，质粒p2-Hu106上的blaNDM-9和mcr-1主要是通过IncHI2/IncHI2A型质粒上的IS26和/或IS1介导的移动抗生素元件的转座重组获得的。此外,在IncFIB/IncFIC（IncFII）型质粒p1-Hu106上鉴定了毒力簇aerobactin（iutA-iucABCD）和salmochelin（iroBCDEN），其侧翼为IS1A等小移动元件，分别为ISkpn28和IS3。在NCBI中进行p1-Hu106与WGS的基因组比较后，我们确定了强毒力质粒p1-Hu106-like可以在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的不同克隆中传播，揭示了其在肠杆菌之间的潜在传播机制。此外，该菌株导致幼虫存活率下降，产生高铁载体单位(62.33%)，类似于高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌NTUH-K2044。
结论：应密切监测多药耐药质粒p2-Hu106和毒力质粒p1-Hu106共同携带的菌株，以防止其进一步传播。
方法：使用抗生素敏感性试验来呈现抗生素耐药谱。使用全基因组测序（WGS）和生物信息学分析来阐明毒力和抗性机制。此外，通过大蜡蛾幼虫和铁载体生产实验测试了该菌株的毒力。
结果：大肠杆菌Hu106菌株对几乎所有测试的抗微生物药物都有耐药性，而且只对氨曲南敏感,阿米卡星，还有替加环素.WGS分析显示，菌株Hu106在p2-Hu106上共同携带blaNDM-9和mcr-1，属于IncHI2/IncHI2A（256,000bp）。两种抗性基因共存，质粒p2-Hu106上的blaNDM-9和mcr-1主要是通过IncHI2/IncHI2A型质粒上的IS26和/或IS1介导的移动抗生素元件的转座重组获得的。此外,在IncFIB/IncFIC（IncFII）型质粒p1-Hu106上鉴定了毒力簇aerobactin（iutA-iucABCD）和salmochelin（iroBCDEN），其侧翼为IS1A等小移动元件，分别为ISkpn28和IS3。在NCBI中进行p1-Hu106与WGS的基因组比较后，我们确定了强毒力质粒p1-Hu106-like可以在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的不同克隆中传播，揭示了其在肠杆菌之间的潜在传播机制。此外，该菌株导致幼虫存活率下降，产生高铁载体单位(62.33%)，类似于高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌NTUH-K2044。
结论：应密切监测多药耐药质粒p2-Hu106和毒力质粒p1-Hu106共同携带的菌株，以防止其进一步传播。
