Abstract：
Emoxypine (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine) is a synthetic derivative of vitamin B6 . Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under various trade names including Mexidol, Mexicor, and Armadin Long. Mexidol demonstrates antihypoxic and anti-ischemic effects and also modulates metabolism. The use of Mexidol by Russian athletes has been confirmed in the past. Current use by athletes is unknown as this drug is not monitored or included in drug testing protocol. Metabotropic and antihypoxic effects of Mexidol were compared to the effects of meldonium or trimetazidine, both of which are included on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List in category S4.4. Metabolic Modulators. The conjugation of emoxypine with succinate elevates the therapeutic effectiveness of the Mexidol formulation as succinic acid itself has important impacts to consider despite being a common food additive and drug excipient. Other succinic acid salts like ammonium succinate, found as dietary supplement, have been patented as performance enhancers. Available research on healthy subjects suggests that combinations of selected 3-substituted pyridine derivatives with succinate including Mexidol and a related drug Cytoflavin can enhance the performance of athletes. Cytoflavin is a multi-component formula containing meglumine sodium succinate, nicotinamide (vitamin B3 ), inosine (riboxin), and riboflavin. Other related succinate-based drugs include Remaxol, Reamberin, and Cogitum. Mexidol and Cytoflavin and related substances exhibit similar biological effects as drugs on the WADA Prohibited List, and if they are used for performance enhancement by athletes, they could be worthy of consideration as prohibited substances in sport.
摘要：
Emoxypine（乙基甲基羟基吡啶）是维生素B6的合成衍生物。Emoxypine琥珀酸酯是俄罗斯和乌克兰的注册药物，商品名包括Mexidol，墨西哥人,ArmadinLongMexidol表现出抗缺氧和抗缺血作用，并调节代谢。过去已确认俄罗斯运动员使用Mexidol。运动员目前的使用是未知的，因为这种药物没有被监测或包括在药物测试方案中。将Mexidol的代谢和抗缺氧作用与meldonium或曲美他嗪的作用进行了比较，两者都被列入世界反兴奋剂机构(WADA)S4.4类禁止名单。代谢调制器。埃莫昔平与琥珀酸酯的缀合提高了Mexidol制剂的治疗有效性,因为尽管琥珀酸是常见的食品添加剂和药物赋形剂,但琥珀酸本身具有重要的影响。其他琥珀酸盐，如琥珀酸铵，作为膳食补充剂发现，已作为性能增强剂获得专利。对健康受试者的现有研究表明，将选定的3-取代的吡啶衍生物与琥珀酸酯（包括Mexidol和相关药物Cytoplavin）结合使用可以提高运动员的表现。细胞黄素是一种多组分配方，含有葡甲胺琥珀酸钠，烟酰胺（维生素B3），肌苷(riboxin),和核黄素.其他相关的琥珀酸类药物包括Remaxol，Reamberin,还有Cogitum.Mexidol和细胞黄素及相关物质表现出与WADA禁用清单上的药物相似的生物效应，如果它们被用来提高运动员的表现，它们可能值得被视为运动中的违禁物质。
