Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with evidence for potential interaction with nutrition. However, the combination of meat consumption with genetic polymorphism has not been tested. Therefore, this study aims to test the association between the joint presence of PNPLA3 rs738409 G-allele with high meat consumption and NAFLD in populations with diverse meat consumption.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study among Israeli screening and Brazilian primary healthcare populations. Food consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. PNPLA3 polymorphism was defined as homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (GC). Inconclusive/probable NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 30 and probable NAFLD as FLI ≥ 60.
RESULTS: The sample included 511 subjects from the screening and primary healthcare populations (n = 213 and n = 298, respectively). Genetic polymorphism (homozygous GG or heterozygous GC) combined with high consumption of total meat, red and/or processed meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat was associated with the highest odds for inconclusive/probable NAFLD (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.27-5.97, p = 0.011; OR = 3.24, 1.43-7.34, p = 0.005; OR = 2.92, 1.32-6.47, p = 0.008; OR = 3.16, 1.46-6.83, p = 0.003, respectively), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake. In addition, genetic polymorphism combined with high processed meat consumption was associated with the highest odds for probable NAFLD (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.04-5.56, p = 0.040).
CONCLUSIONS: High red meat intake may confer a greater risk for NAFLD among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and consider minimizing red and processed meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study among Israeli screening and Brazilian primary healthcare populations. Food consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. PNPLA3 polymorphism was defined as homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (GC). Inconclusive/probable NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 30 and probable NAFLD as FLI ≥ 60.
RESULTS: The sample included 511 subjects from the screening and primary healthcare populations (n = 213 and n = 298, respectively). Genetic polymorphism (homozygous GG or heterozygous GC) combined with high consumption of total meat, red and/or processed meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed meat was associated with the highest odds for inconclusive/probable NAFLD (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.27-5.97, p = 0.011; OR = 3.24, 1.43-7.34, p = 0.005; OR = 2.92, 1.32-6.47, p = 0.008; OR = 3.16, 1.46-6.83, p = 0.003, respectively), adjusting for age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake. In addition, genetic polymorphism combined with high processed meat consumption was associated with the highest odds for probable NAFLD (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.04-5.56, p = 0.040).
CONCLUSIONS: High red meat intake may confer a greater risk for NAFLD among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and consider minimizing red and processed meat consumption among PNPLA3 polymorphism carriers.
摘要：
目的：含Patatin样磷脂酶结构域3基因（PNPLA3）多态性与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的易感性有关，与营养潜在相互作用的证据。然而,肉类消费与遗传多态性的结合尚未进行测试。因此,本研究旨在检验在不同肉类消费人群中,高肉类消费的PNPLA3rs738409G等位基因的联合存在与NAFLD之间的关联.
方法：一项针对以色列筛查和巴西初级卫生保健人群的横断面研究。通过食物频率问卷评估食物消耗。PNPLA3多态性定义为纯合(GG)或杂合(GC)。不确定/可能的NAFLD定义为脂肪肝指数（FLI）≥30，可能的NAFLD定义为FLI≥60。
结果:样本包括来自筛查和初级保健人群的511名受试者(分别为n=213和n=298)。遗传多态性（纯合GG或杂合GC）与高食用总肉相结合，红色和/或加工肉，未经加工的红肉，加工肉与不确定/可能的NAFLD的几率最高（OR=2.75，95CI1.27-5.97，p=0.011；OR=3.24，1.43-7.34，p=0.005；OR=2.92，1.32-6.47，p=0.008；OR=3.16，1.46-6.83，p=0.003），调整年龄，性别,BMI,酒精消费,碳水化合物，和饱和脂肪的摄入量。此外,遗传多态性与高加工肉食摄入量相关的可能性最高(OR=2.40,95CI1.04-5.56,p=0.040).
结论：在PNPLA3多态性携带者中，高红肉摄入可能会增加NAFLD的风险。需要进行前瞻性研究以确认这些发现，并考虑在PNPLA3多态性携带者中尽量减少红肉和加工肉的消费。
方法：一项针对以色列筛查和巴西初级卫生保健人群的横断面研究。通过食物频率问卷评估食物消耗。PNPLA3多态性定义为纯合(GG)或杂合(GC)。不确定/可能的NAFLD定义为脂肪肝指数（FLI）≥30，可能的NAFLD定义为FLI≥60。
结果:样本包括来自筛查和初级保健人群的511名受试者(分别为n=213和n=298)。遗传多态性（纯合GG或杂合GC）与高食用总肉相结合，红色和/或加工肉，未经加工的红肉，加工肉与不确定/可能的NAFLD的几率最高（OR=2.75，95CI1.27-5.97，p=0.011；OR=3.24，1.43-7.34，p=0.005；OR=2.92，1.32-6.47，p=0.008；OR=3.16，1.46-6.83，p=0.003），调整年龄，性别,BMI,酒精消费,碳水化合物，和饱和脂肪的摄入量。此外,遗传多态性与高加工肉食摄入量相关的可能性最高(OR=2.40,95CI1.04-5.56,p=0.040).
结论：在PNPLA3多态性携带者中，高红肉摄入可能会增加NAFLD的风险。需要进行前瞻性研究以确认这些发现，并考虑在PNPLA3多态性携带者中尽量减少红肉和加工肉的消费。
