PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Maca (Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium peruvianum) is part of the Brassicaceae family and grows at high altitudes in the Peruvian Andes mountain range (3500-5000 m). Historically, it has been used as a nutrient-dense food and for its medicinal properties, primarily in enhancing energy and fertility. Scientific research has validated these traditional uses and other clinical applications by elucidating maca\'s mechanisms of action, nutrition, and phytochemical content. However, research over the last twenty years has identified up to seventeen different colors (phenotypes) of maca. The color, hypocotyl size, growing location, cultivation, and post-harvest processing methods can have a significant effect on the nutrition content, phytochemical profile, and clinical application. Yet, research differentiating the colors of maca and clinical applications remains limited. In this review, research on the nutrition, phytochemicals, and various colors of maca, including black, red, yellow (predominant colors), purple, gray (lesser-known colors), and any combination of colors, including proprietary formulations, will be discussed based on available preclinical and clinical trials. The gaps, deficiencies, and conflicts in the studies will be detailed, along with quality, safety, and efficacy criteria, highlighting the need for future research to specify all these factors of the maca used in publications.
摘要：
玛卡（Meyenii，Peruvianum）是十字花科的一部分，生长在秘鲁安第斯山脉（3500-5000m）的高海拔地区。历史上,它被用作营养丰富的食物，并具有药用特性，主要是提高能量和生育能力。科学研究通过阐明玛卡的作用机制验证了这些传统用途和其他临床应用，营养,和植物化学成分。然而,在过去的二十年中，研究已经确定了多达17种不同颜色（表型）的玛卡。颜色,下胚轴大小,不断增长的位置，耕种,和收获后处理方法可以对营养成分产生显著影响，植物化学概况，和临床应用。然而，区分玛卡颜色和临床应用的研究仍然有限。在这次审查中,关于营养的研究，植物化学物质,和各种颜色的玛卡，包括黑色,红色,黄色（主要颜色），紫色,灰色（鲜为人知的颜色），和任何颜色的组合，包括专有配方，将根据可用的临床前和临床试验进行讨论。的差距，不足之处,研究中的冲突将被详细说明，随着质量,安全,和功效标准，强调未来研究的必要性，以指定出版物中使用的玛卡的所有这些因素。
