Abstract：
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used to estimate concentrations of glutamate and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in specific regions of the living human brain. As cytoarchitectural properties differ across the brain, interpreting these measurements can be assisted by having knowledge of such properties for the MRS region(s) studied. In particular, some knowledge of likely local neurotransmitter receptor patterns can potentially give insights into the mechanistic environment GABA- and glutamatergic neurons are functioning in. This may be of particular utility when comparing two or more regions, given that the receptor populations may differ substantially across them. At the same time, when studying MRS data from multiple participants or timepoints, the homogeneity of the sample becomes relevant, as measurements taken from areas with different cytoarchitecture may be difficult to compare. To provide insights into the likely cytoarchitectural environment of user-defined regions-of-interest, we produced an easy to use tool - InSpectro-Gadget - that interfaces with receptor mRNA expression information from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. This Python tool allows users to input masks and automatically obtain a graphical overview of the receptor population likely to be found within. This includes comparison between multiple masks or participants where relevant. The receptors and receptor subunit genes featured include GABA- and glutamatergic classes, along with a wide range of neuromodulators. The functionality of the tool is explained here and its use is demonstrated through a set of example analyses. The tool is available at https://github.com/lizmcmanus/Inspectro-Gadget .
摘要：
磁共振波谱(MRS)广泛用于估计活人脑的特定区域中的谷氨酸和[公式:参见正文]-氨基丁酸(GABA)的浓度。由于整个大脑的细胞结构特性不同，可以通过了解所研究的MRS区域的这些性质来辅助解释这些测量。特别是,对可能的局部神经递质受体模式的一些了解可以潜在地提供对GABA-和谷氨酸能神经元在其中发挥作用的机制环境的见解。当比较两个或多个区域时，这可能特别有用。考虑到受体群体可能在它们之间存在很大差异。同时,当研究来自多个参与者或时间点的MRS数据时，样本的同质性变得相关，因为从具有不同细胞结构的区域获取的测量值可能难以比较。为了提供对用户定义的感兴趣区域的可能的细胞结构环境的见解，我们制作了一个易于使用的工具-InSpectro-Gadget-与来自Allen人脑图谱的受体mRNA表达信息接口。这个Python工具允许用户输入掩码并自动获得可能在其中找到的受体群体的图形概述。这包括在相关的情况下在多个面具或参与者之间进行比较。受体和受体亚基基因的特征包括GABA-和谷氨酸能类别，以及广泛的神经调质。这里解释了该工具的功能，并通过一组示例分析演示了其使用。该工具可在https://github.com/lizmcmanus/Inspectro-Gadget上获得。
