Abstract：
Plant diseases pose a severe threat to the food security of the global human population. One such disease is Fusarium wilt, which affects many plant species and causes up to 100% yield losses. Fusarium pathogen has high variability in its genetic constitution; therefore, it has evolved into different physiological races to infect different plant species spread across the different geographical regions of the world. The pathogen mainly affects plant roots, leading to colonizing and blocking vascular bundle cells, specifically xylem vessels. This blocking results in chlorosis, vascular discoloration, leaf wilting, shortening of plant, and, in severe cases, premature plant death. Due to the soil-borne nature of the wilt pathogen, neither agronomic nor plant protection measures effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the most cost-effective management strategy for Fusarium wilt is developing varieties resistant to a particular race of the fungus wilt prevalent in a given region. This strategy requires understanding the pathogen, its disease cycle, and epidemiology with climate-changing scenarios. Hence, in the review, we will discuss the pathogenic aspect and genetics of the Fusarium wilt, including molecular interventions for developing climate-smart wilt tolerant/resistant varieties of crops. Overall, this review will add to our knowledge for advancing the breeding of resistance against the wilt pandemic.
摘要：
植物病害对全球人口的粮食安全构成严重威胁。其中一种疾病是枯萎病，这会影响许多植物物种，并导致高达100％的产量损失。镰刀菌病原体在其遗传构成中具有很高的变异性；因此，它已经演变成不同的生理种族，感染遍布世界不同地理区域的不同植物物种。病原体主要影响植物的根部，导致血管束细胞定植和阻断，特别是木质部血管。这种阻断导致萎黄病，血管变色，叶子枯萎,植物的缩短，and,在严重的情况下，植物过早死亡。由于枯萎病病原体的土壤传播性质，农艺和植物保护措施都不能有效降低该病的发病率。因此,枯萎病最具成本效益的管理策略是开发对特定地区流行的真菌枯萎病的特定种族具有抗性的品种。这个策略需要了解病原体，它的疾病周期，和流行病学与气候变化情景。因此，在审查中，我们将讨论枯萎病的致病因素和遗传学，包括开发气候智能型抗枯萎病/抗性作物品种的分子干预措施。总的来说,这项审查将增加我们对促进抗枯萎病流行的认识。
