PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Although chemical and radiological agents cause toxicity through different mechanisms, the multiorgan injuries caused by these threats share similarities that convene on the level of basic biological responses. This publication will discuss these areas of convergence and explore \"multi-utility\" approaches that could be leveraged to address common injury mechanisms underlying actions of chemical and radiological agents in a threat-agnostic manner. In addition, we will provide an overview of the current state of radiological and chemical threat research, discuss the US Government\'s efforts toward medical preparedness, and identify potential areas for collaboration geared toward enhancing preparedness and response against radiological and chemical threats. We also will discuss previous regulatory experience to provide insight on how to navigate regulatory paths for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval/licensure/clearance for products addressing chemical or radiological/nuclear threats. This publication follows a 2022 trans-agency meeting titled, \"Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures,\" sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Discussions from this meeting explored the overlapping nature of radiation and chemical injury and spurred increased interest in how preparedness for one threat leads to preparedness for the other. Herein, subject matter experts from the NIAID and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), summarize the knowledge gained from recently funded biomedical research, as well as insights from the 2022 meeting. These topics include identification of common areas for collaboration, potential use of biomarkers of injury to identify injuries caused by both hazards, and common and widely available treatments that could treat damage caused by radiological or chemical threats.
摘要：
虽然化学和放射性试剂通过不同的机制引起毒性，由这些威胁引起的多器官损伤在基本生物学反应水平上具有相似性。本出版物将讨论这些融合领域，并探索“多效用”方法，这些方法可用于以威胁不可知的方式解决化学和放射剂作用的共同损伤机制。此外,我们将概述放射性和化学威胁研究的现状，讨论美国政府在医疗准备方面的努力，并确定潜在的合作领域，以加强对放射性和化学威胁的准备和响应。我们还将讨论以前的监管经验，以提供有关如何为美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准/许可/清除产品解决化学或放射性/核威胁的监管路径的见解。本出版物是在2022年跨机构会议之后召开的，“皮肤和肺的辐射和硫芥末暴露中的重叠科学：模型的考虑，机制，器官系统,和医疗对策，由国家过敏和传染病研究所（NIAID）赞助，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的一部分。这次会议的讨论探讨了辐射和化学伤害的重叠性质，并激发了人们对一种威胁的准备如何导致另一种威胁的准备的兴趣。在这里，NIAID和生物医学高级研究与发展局（BARDA）的主题专家，战略准备和响应管理局(ASPR)的一部分，总结从最近资助的生物医学研究中获得的知识，以及2022年会议的见解。这些主题包括确定协作的共同领域，潜在使用损伤的生物标志物来识别由两种危害引起的损伤，以及可以治疗由放射性或化学威胁造成的损害的常见和广泛可用的治疗方法。
