Abstract：
The distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) subtypes indicates difference from region to region and in risk groups acquiring the disease worldwide. Although subtype C is more in terms of total cases, subtype B is dominant in certain regions, especially in western and central Europe. Molecular epidemiological studies are essential for the control, effective treatment, and understanding in transmission routes of HIV-1 infection. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of HIV-1 in northern Cyprus. The study involved 71 naive HIV-positive patients diagnosed in northern Cyprus between 2016 and 2022. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified by phylogenetic analysis (neighbor-joining method) of pol gene sequences. Drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) lists of mutations for surveillance. The Stanford University HIVdb program was used to interpret drug resistance mutations. In our study, 40 of 71 samples were successfully sequenced. Subtype B of HIV-1 was dominant with a rate of 52.5%, followed by CRF02_AG (20%) and G (7.5%) subtypes. The rate of subtype B (71.4%) in northern Cyprus was significantly higher than in the other country of origin (p = .028). Antiretroviral drug resistance was found in 15% of the sequenced serum samples. Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance rates were 10% (4/40), 7.5% (3/40), and 2.5% (1/40), respectively. According to the results, it is noteworthy that the dominant subtype circulating in northern Cyprus is the B subtype, and CRFs were detected at a higher rate than expected.
摘要：
人类免疫缺陷病毒1（HIV-1）亚型的分布表明不同地区之间以及在全球范围内感染该疾病的风险人群中存在差异。尽管就总病例而言，亚型C更多，B型亚型在某些地区占主导地位，尤其是在西欧和中欧。分子流行病学研究对控制至关重要，有效治疗,了解HIV-1感染的传播途径。这项研究旨在确定塞浦路斯北部HIV-1的分子流行病学和抗逆转录病毒药物耐药性。该研究涉及2016年至2022年间在塞浦路斯北部诊断出的71名幼稚HIV阳性患者。通过pol基因序列的系统发育分析（邻居连接方法）鉴定了HIV-1亚型和循环重组形式（CRF）。使用世界卫生组织(WHO)突变列表进行耐药性突变分析以用于监测。斯坦福大学HIVdb程序用于解释耐药性突变。在我们的研究中,71个样品中的40个被成功测序。HIV-1的B亚型占主导地位，发生率为52.5%，其次是CRF02_AG(20%)和G(7.5%)亚型。北塞浦路斯的B亚型发生率（71.4％）明显高于其他原籍国（p=.028）。在15％的测序血清样品中发现抗逆转录病毒药物耐药性。核苷/核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTI），非核苷核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTI），蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)耐药率为10%(4/40)，7.5%（3/40），和2.5%（1/40），分别。根据结果,值得注意的是，在北塞浦路斯流行的主要亚型是B亚型，和CRFs的检出率高于预期。
