Abstract：
Inappropriate diets cause many of the health problems commonly reported in parrots by psittaculturists and veterinarians. The dietary management of captive parrots would benefit from information derived from studies of dietary habits of wild parrots; however, it is unclear how complete this body of knowledge is at this time. Documentation of parrots\' dietary habits appears to have grown dramatically over the past century. Reports of parrots consuming a number of foodstuffs beyond the reproductive parts of plants (alternate foodstuffs) have increased. The extent of alternate foodstuffs in parrot diets is currently unknown. We used Google search engines (ie, Scholar, Videos, Images) to determine how well psittaciform dietary habits have been studied to date and to quantify reports of alternate foodstuffs consumption among genera of Psittaciformes. We found that the dietary habits of over 43% of parrot species are poorly resolved. The dietary habits of 71.5% of parrot species classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as at risk of extinction are not well resolved. Parrots\' consumption of alternate foodstuffs occurred at the following rates at the genus level: 91.2% foliage, 76.9% terrestrial invertebrates and fine earthen materials, 74.7% wood, 44% pure minerals, 34.1% vertebrates (9.9% dung), 29.7% sap, 19.8% roots, 17.6% charcoal, 18.7% epiphytes, 16.5% coarse earthen materials, 8.8% algae, and 6.6% aquatic invertebrates. Of these reports, 79.1% involved observations of wild parrots. Many parrot species may be more omnivorous than previously realized. Alternate foodstuffs are generally absent from current veterinary-based dietary recommendations for captive parrots. Future studies are needed to determine whether providing alternate foodstuffs to captive parrots can be used as a means to improve their diets and thus their health, welfare, and reproductive success.
摘要：
不适当的饮食会导致鹦鹉和兽医通常报告的许多健康问题。圈养鹦鹉的饮食管理将受益于野生鹦鹉饮食习惯研究的信息；但是，目前尚不清楚这种知识体系有多完整。在过去的一个世纪里，鹦鹉饮食习惯的文献似乎有了戏剧性的增长。关于鹦鹉消耗植物生殖部分以外的许多食物（替代食物）的报道有所增加。目前未知鹦鹉饮食中替代食品的范围。我们使用了谷歌搜索引擎(即，学者,视频,图像）以确定迄今为止对鹦鹉形饮食习惯的研究程度，并量化鹦鹉形属中替代食品消费的报告。我们发现，超过43％的鹦鹉物种的饮食习惯解决得很差。被国际自然保护联盟归类为濒临灭绝的鹦鹉物种的71.5％的饮食习惯没有得到很好的解决。鹦鹉食用替代食物的比例在属水平上如下：91.2%的叶子，76.9%的陆生无脊椎动物和优良土质,74.7%木材，44%纯矿物质,34.1%脊椎动物(9.9%粪便),29.7%sap,19.8%根,17.6%的木炭，18.7%的附生植物，16.5%粗土材料,8.8%的藻类，和6.6%的水生无脊椎动物。在这些报告中,79.1%涉及野生鹦鹉的观察。许多鹦鹉物种可能比以前意识到的更杂食。目前针对圈养鹦鹉的兽医饮食建议中通常没有替代食品。需要进行进一步的研究，以确定为圈养鹦鹉提供替代食物是否可以用作改善其饮食和健康的手段。福利,和生殖成功。
