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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nutritional deficiencies remain serious medical and public health issues worldwide, especially in children. This study aims to analyze cross-country inequality in four common nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition, dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency) among children from 1990 to 2019 based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data.
METHODS: Prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data as measures of four nutritional deficiency burdens in people aged 0 to 14 years were extracted from the GBD Results Tool. We analyzed temporal trends in prevalence by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC) and quantified cross-country inequalities in disease burden using the slope index.
RESULTS: Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency decreased, with AAPCs of -0.14 (-0.15 to -0.12), -2.77 (-2.96 to -2.58), and -2.17 (-2.3 to -2.03) from 1999 to 2019, respectively. Significant reductions in socio-demographic index (SDI)-related inequality occurred in protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, while the health inequality for dietary iron deficiency and iodine deficiency remained basically unchanged. The age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of the four nutritional deficiencies decreased as the SDI and healthcare access and quality index increased.
CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of nutritional deficiency has decreased since 1990, but cross-country health inequalities still exist. More efficient public health measures are needed to reduce disease burdens, particularly in low-SDI countries/territories.
METHODS: Prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data as measures of four nutritional deficiency burdens in people aged 0 to 14 years were extracted from the GBD Results Tool. We analyzed temporal trends in prevalence by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC) and quantified cross-country inequalities in disease burden using the slope index.
RESULTS: Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency decreased, with AAPCs of -0.14 (-0.15 to -0.12), -2.77 (-2.96 to -2.58), and -2.17 (-2.3 to -2.03) from 1999 to 2019, respectively. Significant reductions in socio-demographic index (SDI)-related inequality occurred in protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, while the health inequality for dietary iron deficiency and iodine deficiency remained basically unchanged. The age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of the four nutritional deficiencies decreased as the SDI and healthcare access and quality index increased.
CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of nutritional deficiency has decreased since 1990, but cross-country health inequalities still exist. More efficient public health measures are needed to reduce disease burdens, particularly in low-SDI countries/territories.
摘要：
背景：营养缺乏仍然是世界范围内严重的医疗和公共卫生问题，尤其是儿童。本研究旨在分析四种常见营养缺乏(蛋白质-能量营养不良，膳食缺铁，根据全球疾病负担（GBD）2019年数据，1990年至2019年儿童维生素A缺乏和碘缺乏）。
方法：从GBD结果工具中提取患病率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）数据，作为0至14岁人群四种营养缺乏负担的衡量标准。我们通过计算年平均百分比变化（AAPC）并使用斜率指数量化疾病负担的跨国不平等来分析患病率的时间趋势。
结果：全球，膳食缺铁的年龄标准化患病率，维生素A缺乏和碘缺乏减少，AAPC为-0.14（-0.15至-0.12），-2.77（-2.96至-2.58），1999年至2019年分别为-2.17（-2.3至-2.03）。在蛋白质能量营养不良和维生素A缺乏方面，与社会人口指数（SDI）相关的不平等现象显着减少。而膳食缺铁和缺碘的健康不平等基本没有变化。随着SDI和医疗保健获取和质量指数的增加，四种营养缺乏的年龄标准化患病率和DALY率下降。
结论：自1990年以来，全球营养缺乏负担有所下降，但跨国健康不平等仍然存在。需要更有效的公共卫生措施来减轻疾病负担，特别是在SDI低的国家/地区。
方法：从GBD结果工具中提取患病率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）数据，作为0至14岁人群四种营养缺乏负担的衡量标准。我们通过计算年平均百分比变化（AAPC）并使用斜率指数量化疾病负担的跨国不平等来分析患病率的时间趋势。
结果：全球，膳食缺铁的年龄标准化患病率，维生素A缺乏和碘缺乏减少，AAPC为-0.14（-0.15至-0.12），-2.77（-2.96至-2.58），1999年至2019年分别为-2.17（-2.3至-2.03）。在蛋白质能量营养不良和维生素A缺乏方面，与社会人口指数（SDI）相关的不平等现象显着减少。而膳食缺铁和缺碘的健康不平等基本没有变化。随着SDI和医疗保健获取和质量指数的增加，四种营养缺乏的年龄标准化患病率和DALY率下降。
结论：自1990年以来，全球营养缺乏负担有所下降，但跨国健康不平等仍然存在。需要更有效的公共卫生措施来减轻疾病负担，特别是在SDI低的国家/地区。
