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Abstract：
Neuroscience has contributed to uncover the mechanisms underpinning substance use disorders (SUD). The next frontier is to leverage these mechanisms as active targets to create more effective interventions for SUD treatment and prevention. Recent large-scale cohort studies from early childhood are generating multiple levels of neuroscience-based information with the potential to inform the development and refinement of future preventive strategies. However, there are still no available well-recognized frameworks to guide the integration of these multi-level datasets into prevention interventions. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) provides a neuroscience-based multi-system framework that is well suited to facilitate translation of neurobiological mechanisms into behavioral domains amenable to preventative interventions. We propose a novel RDoC-based framework for prevention science and adapted the framework for the existing preventive interventions. From a systematic review of randomized controlled trials using a person-centered drug/alcohol preventive approach for adolescents, we identified 22 unique preventive interventions. By teasing apart these 22 interventions into the RDoC domains, we proposed distinct neurocognitive trajectories which have been recognized as precursors or risk factors for SUDs, to be targeted, engaged and modified for effective addiction prevention.
摘要：
神经科学为揭示物质使用障碍（SUD）的机制做出了贡献。下一个前沿是利用这些机制作为积极的目标，为SUD的治疗和预防创造更有效的干预措施。最近从儿童早期开始的大规模队列研究正在产生多层次的基于神经科学的信息，这些信息有可能为未来预防策略的发展和完善提供信息。然而,仍然没有可用的公认框架来指导将这些多层次数据集纳入预防干预措施。研究领域标准（RDoC）提供了一个基于神经科学的多系统框架，非常适合促进神经生物学机制转化为适合预防性干预的行为领域。我们提出了一种新的基于RDoC的预防科学框架，并对现有的预防性干预措施进行了调整。通过对使用以人为本的青少年药物/酒精预防方法的随机对照试验的系统评价，我们确定了22种独特的预防性干预措施.通过将这22种干预措施分成RDoC领域，我们提出了不同的神经认知轨迹，这些轨迹被认为是SUD的前兆或危险因素，成为目标，从事和修改以有效预防成瘾。
