Abstract：
The implementation of novel wastewater treatment technologies, including Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and ultraviolet radiation (UV) combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be a promising strategy for enhancing the quality of these effluents. However, during effluent oxidation AOPs may produce toxic compounds that can compromise the water reuse and the receiving water body. Given this possibility, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of secondary effluents from two different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) that were subjected to ozonation or UV/H2O2 for periods of 20 (T1) and 40 (T2) minutes. The genotoxic potential was carried out with the Comet assay (for clastogenic damage) and the Micronucleus assay (for clastogenic and aneugenic damage) in HepG2/C3A cell culture (metabolizing cell line). The results of the comet assay revealed a significant increase in tail intensity in the Municipal WWTP (dry period) effluents treated with UV/H2O2 (T1 and T2). MN occurrence was noted across all treatments in both Pilot and Municipal WWTP (dry period) effluents, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) were noted for all Pilot WWTP treatments and UV/H2O2 treatments of Municipal WWTP (dry period). Moreover, the UV/H2O2 (T1) treatment of Municipal WWTP (dry period) exhibited a noteworthy incidence of multiple alterations per cell (MN + NBs). These findings imply that UV/H2O2 treatment demonstrates higher genotoxic potential compared to ozonation. Furthermore, seasonal variations can have an impact on the genotoxicity of the samples. Results of the study emphasize the importance of conducting genotoxicological tests using human cell cultures, such as HepG2/C3A, to assess the final effluent quality from WWTP before its discharge or reuse. This precaution is essential to safeguard the integrity of the receiving water body and, by extension, the biotic components it contains.
摘要：
新型污水处理技术的实施，包括先进的氧化工艺（AOPs），如臭氧化和紫外线辐射（UV）结合过氧化氢（H2O2），可以是提高这些废水质量的有前途的策略。然而,在废水氧化过程中，AOP可能会产生有毒化合物，从而损害水回用和接收水体。鉴于这种可能性,这项研究的目的是评估来自两个不同的废水处理厂（WWTP）的二次废水的基因毒性潜力，这些废水经过20（T1）和40（T2）分钟的臭氧或UV/H2O2。在HepG2/C3A细胞培养物（代谢细胞系）中，通过彗星测定（用于断裂性损伤）和微核测定（用于断裂性和非基因性损伤）进行遗传毒性潜力。彗星测定的结果表明，用UV/H2O2（T1和T2）处理的市政WWTP（干燥期）废水的尾部强度显着增加。在试点和市政污水处理厂(干期)废水中的所有处理中都注意到了MN的发生，而核芽（NBs）在所有中试污水处理厂处理和市政污水处理厂的UV/H2O2处理（干旱期）中都被注意到。此外，市政污水处理厂（干旱期）的UV/H2O2（T1）处理显示出每个细胞（MNNB）多次改变的发生率。这些发现暗示UV/H2O2处理显示出比臭氧化更高的遗传毒性潜力。此外，季节性变化会对样品的遗传毒性产生影响。研究结果强调了使用人类细胞培养物进行遗传毒理学测试的重要性，如HepG2/C3A，在污水处理厂排放或重复使用之前，评估其最终污水水质。这种预防措施对于保护接收水体的完整性至关重要，通过延伸,它包含的生物成分。
