Abstract：
The unreasonable diet is threatening not only by development of hypodynamia but also by loosing job on board of sea vessel. Such diseases of seamen as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, pancreatitis are a basis of non-making or non-extending employment contract. The significant causes of occurrence and development of this category of occupational illness are lacking of proper diet on shipboard that considers conditions of voyages, inadequate qualification training of ship cooks, as well as insufficient funding by particular shipowners daily food allowance of crew members. The article reveals requirements of international and national normative documents regarding organization of proper diet and table service, determines daily diet of crew members of sea and river vessels. The results of survey of active sailors and cadets of higher maritime school regarding the satisfaction of organized diet are discussed. The recommendations to ensure balanced rations on board the ship are proposed.
摘要：
不合理的饮食不仅受到动力不足的威胁，而且还受到海船上失业的威胁。海员的胃溃疡等疾病，十二指肠溃疡,胃炎,胰腺炎是不订立或不延长雇佣合同的基础。这类职业病发生和发展的重要原因是船上缺乏考虑航行条件的适当饮食，船舶厨师资格培训不足，以及特定船东资金不足，船员的每日食物津贴。本文揭示了国际和国家规范性文件关于组织适当饮食和餐桌服务的要求，确定海船和河船船员的日常饮食。讨论了对高等海事学校的活跃水手和学员对有组织饮食满意度的调查结果。提出了确保船上口粮平衡的建议。
