Abstract：
In recent years, remarkable strides have been made in the field of immunotherapy, which has emerged as a standard treatment for many cancers. As a kind of immunotherapy drug, monoclonal antibodies employed in immune checkpoint therapy have proven beneficial for patients with diverse cancer types. However, owing to the extensive heterogeneity of clinical responses and the complexity and variability of the immune system and tumor microenvironment (TME), accurately predicting its efficacy remains a challenge. Recent advances in aptamers provide a promising approach for monitoring alterations within the immune system and TME, thereby facilitating targeted immunotherapy, particularly focused on immune checkpoint blockade, with enhanced antitumor efficiency. Aptamers have been widely used in tumor cell detection, biosensors, drug discovery, and biomarker screening due to their high specificity and high affinity with their targets. This review aims to comprehensively examine the research status and progress of aptamers in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on those related to immune checkpoints. Additionally, we will discuss the future research directions and potential therapeutic targets for aptamer-based immune checkpoint therapy, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for targeting immunotherapy molecules and blocking tumor immune escape.
摘要：
近年来,在免疫治疗领域取得了显著进展，已成为许多癌症的标准治疗方法。作为一种免疫治疗药物,用于免疫检查点治疗的单克隆抗体已被证明对患有多种癌症类型的患者有益.然而,由于临床反应的广泛异质性以及免疫系统和肿瘤微环境（TME）的复杂性和变异性，准确预测其疗效仍然是一个挑战。适体的最新进展为监测免疫系统和TME内的改变提供了有希望的方法。从而促进靶向免疫疗法，特别关注免疫检查点封锁，具有增强的抗肿瘤效率。适配子已广泛应用于肿瘤细胞检测,生物传感器，药物发现,和生物标志物筛选，因为它们具有高特异性和与靶标的高亲和力。本文综述了适配体在癌症诊断和免疫治疗中的研究现状和进展。特别强调与免疫检查点有关的那些。此外,我们将讨论基于适体的免疫检查点治疗的未来研究方向和潜在治疗目标，旨在为靶向免疫治疗分子和阻断肿瘤免疫逃逸提供理论依据。
