Abstract：
Theories have proposed diverse reasons for why individual differences such as personality traits lead to social status attainment in face-to-face groups. We integrated these different theoretical standpoints into a model with four paths from individual differences to status: a dominance, a competence, a virtue, and a micropolitics path. To investigate these paths, we meta-analyzed over 100 years of research on bivariate associations of personality traits, cognitive abilities, and physical size with the attainment of status-related outcomes in face-to-face groups (1,064 effects from 276 samples including 56,153 participants). The status-related outcome variables were admiring respect, social influence, popularity (i.e., being liked by others), leadership emergence, and a mixture of outcome variables. The meta-analytic correlations we found were largely in line with the micropolitics path, tentatively in line with the competence and virtue paths, and only partly in line with the dominance path. These findings suggest that status attainment depends not only on the competence and virtue of an individual but also on how individuals can enhance their apparent competence or virtue by behaving assertively, by being extraverted, or through self-monitoring. We also investigated how the relations between individual differences and status-related outcomes were moderated by kind of status-related outcome, nature of the group task, culture (collectivism/individualism), and length of acquaintance. The moderation analysis yielded mixed and inconclusive results. The review ends with directions for research, such as the need to separately assess and study the different status-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
理论提出了各种原因，例如人格特质等个体差异导致面对面群体获得社会地位的原因。我们将这些不同的理论观点整合到一个模型中，该模型具有从个体差异到地位的四个路径：优势，能力，一种美德，和微观政治路径。为了调查这些路径，我们荟萃分析了100多年来对人格特质的双变量关联的研究，认知能力,和身体大小，在面对面组中达到与状态相关的结果（来自276个样本的1,064个影响，包括56,153名参与者）。与状态相关的结果变量令人钦佩，社会影响力,受欢迎程度(即，被别人喜欢)，领导力的出现，和结果变量的混合。我们发现的元分析相关性在很大程度上与微观政治路径一致，初步符合能力和美德之路，而且只是部分地与主导路径一致。这些发现表明，地位的获得不仅取决于个人的能力和美德，还取决于个人如何通过果断的行为来增强其明显的能力或美德，通过外向，或者通过自我监控。我们还调查了个体差异和状态相关结果之间的关系是如何通过状态相关结果来调节的，小组任务的性质，文化（集体主义/个人主义），和熟人的长度。适度分析产生了混合和不确定的结果。这篇综述以研究方向结尾，例如需要分别评估和研究与状态相关的不同结果。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
