PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Blood pressure (BP) rises along with increasing sodium intake from early childhood to late adulthood, and leads to hypertension among most men and women living in Nordic and Baltic countries. Elevated BP is the leading global risk factor for premature deaths and disability-adjusted life-years. A reduction in sodium intake is essential in the prevention of hypertension in individuals, in the lowering of BP levels, in the treatment of hypertensive individuals, and in decreasing risks associated with elevated BP. There is a progressive linear dose-response relationship between sodium intake and BP beginning from a sodium intake of less than 0.8 g/day. Sodium reduction decreases BP linearly by a dose-response manner down to a sodium intake level of less than 2 g/day. Randomised intervention studies with a duration of at least 4 weeks confirm the efficiency and safety of reducing blood sodium intake to a level of less than 2 g/day. Results from prospective cohort studies show that higher sodium intake is positively associated with an increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular events and mortality among the general adult population, and the associations are linear in studies using proper sodium assessment methods. Analyses assessing sodium intake using at least two 24-h urine samples have shown a linear positive relationship between sodium intake and the risk of a cardiovascular event or death. Based on an overall evaluation of the available data, a limitation of the sodium intake to 2.0 g/day is suggested for adults. The optimal sodium intake level would be probably about 1.5 g/day. Sodium intake recommended for children can be extrapolated from the recommended sodium intake for adults. According to national dietary surveys, the average sodium intakes in Nordic countries range in adult men from 3.6 to 4.4 g/day and in adult women from 2.6. to 3.2 g/day, and in Baltic countries in men from 2.6 to 5.1 g/day and in women from 1.8 to 3.6 g/day.
摘要：
从儿童早期到成年后期，血压（BP）随着钠摄入量的增加而上升，并导致生活在北欧和波罗的海国家的大多数男性和女性高血压。血压升高是导致过早死亡和残疾调整寿命的主要全球风险因素。减少钠摄入量对于预防个体高血压至关重要，在降低血压水平时，在高血压个体的治疗中，并降低与血压升高相关的风险。钠摄入量与BP之间存在渐进性线性剂量反应关系，从钠摄入量低于0.8g/天开始。钠减少通过剂量反应方式线性降低BP，直至钠摄入量低于2g/天。持续至少4周的随机干预研究证实了将血液钠摄入量降低至低于2g/天的有效性和安全性。前瞻性队列研究的结果表明，在一般成年人群中，较高的钠摄入量与中风和心血管事件以及死亡率的风险增加呈正相关。在使用适当的钠评估方法的研究中，这种关联是线性的。使用至少两个24小时尿液样本评估钠摄入量的分析显示，钠摄入量与心血管事件或死亡风险之间存在线性正相关关系。根据对现有数据的总体评估，建议成人将钠摄入量限制在2.0克/天。最佳钠摄入水平可能约为1.5g/天。儿童推荐的钠摄入量可以从成人推荐的钠摄入量推断。根据全国膳食调查，北欧国家的平均钠摄入量在成年男性为3.6~4.4g/d,成年女性为2.6g/d.至3.2克/天，在波罗的海国家，男性为2.6至5.1克/天，女性为1.8至3.6克/天。
