Abstract：
Similar to gut bacterial community, gut fungal community are also an important part of the gut microbiota and play crucial roles in host immune regulation and metabolism. However, most studies have focused on the gut bacterial community, and research on the gut fungal community has been limited. Dutch Warmblood (DWH) and Mongolian horses (MGH) are important equine breeds, but little research has been done on their gut fungal community. Here, we assessed differences in gut fungal community between two horse species. Results showed that a total of 2159 OTUs were found in the Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses, of which 308 were common. Between-group analyzes of microbial diversity showed no differences in the alpha and beta diversity of gut fungal community between the two horse species. Microbiological taxonomic surveys showed that the dominant fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota and Ascomycota) and genera (unclassified_Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromyces) were the same without being affected by species. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, the abundances of some fungal genera changed significantly. Results of Metastats analysis showed that there were a total of 206 fungal genera that were significantly different between the two horses, among which 78 genera showed an increase and 127 genera significantly decreased in Dutch Warmblood horses compared with Mongolian horses. In conclusion, this study investigated the composition and structure of the gut fungal community of Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses and found significant differences in gut fungal community between both breeds. Notably, this is the first exploration of the differences in the gut fungal community of both breeds, which may help to understand the distribution characteristics of the gut fungal community of different breeds of horses and reveal the differences in the traits of different horses.
摘要：
类似于肠道细菌群落，肠道真菌群落也是肠道菌群的重要组成部分，在宿主免疫调节和代谢中起着至关重要的作用。然而,大多数研究都集中在肠道细菌群落上，对肠道真菌群落的研究一直很有限。荷兰暖血（DWH）和蒙古马（MGH）是重要的马品种，但是对他们的肠道真菌群落的研究很少。这里,我们评估了两种马之间肠道真菌群落的差异.结果显示，在荷兰Warmblood和蒙古马中总共发现了2159个OTUs，其中308是常见的。微生物多样性的组间分析表明，两种马之间的肠道真菌群落的α和β多样性没有差异。微生物学分类学调查表明，优势真菌门（Neocallimastigomcota和Ascomycota）和属（未分类的_Neocallimastigaceae和Anaeromyces）相同，不受物种影响。虽然优势真菌门的类型没有改变，一些真菌属的丰度发生了显著变化。转移分析结果显示，两马之间共有206个真菌属存在显着差异，与蒙古马相比，荷兰温血马的78属增加，127属显著减少。总之,这项研究调查了荷兰Warmblood和蒙古马的肠道真菌群落的组成和结构，发现两个品种之间的肠道真菌群落存在显着差异。值得注意的是,这是对两个品种的肠道真菌群落差异的首次探索，这可能有助于了解不同品种马肠道真菌群落的分布特征，揭示不同马的性状差异。
