Abstract：
Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) have emerged as a significant environmental concern due to their widespread distribution and potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. In this study, to integrate exposure and toxicity pathways of MNPs, a comprehensive review of the occurrence, toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, and excretion [ADE]), and toxicity of MNPs were investigated using the aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) and adverse outcome pathway (AOP) frameworks. Eighty-five papers were selected: 34 papers were on detecting MNPs in environmental samples, 38 papers were on the ADE of MNPs in humans and fish, and 36 papers were related to MNPs toxicity using experimental models. This review not only summarizes individual studies but also presents a preliminary AEP-AOP framework. This framework offers a comprehensive overview of pathways, enabling a clearer visualization of intricate processes spanning from environmental media, absorption, distribution, and molecular effects to adverse outcomes. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating exposure and toxicity pathways of MNPs by utilizing AEP-AOP to comprehensively understand their impacts on human and ecological organisms. The findings contribute to highlighting the need for further research to fill the existing knowledge gaps in this field and the development of more effective strategies for the safe management of MNPs.
摘要：
微米/纳米塑料（MNPs）由于其广泛分布和对人类健康和环境的潜在不利影响而成为重要的环境问题。在这项研究中,整合MNPs的暴露和毒性途径，对事件的全面审查，毒物动力学(吸收，分布，和排泄[ADE])，使用聚集暴露途径（AEP）和不良结果途径（AOP）框架研究了MNPs的毒性。共选取85篇论文:34篇关于环境样品中MNPs检测的论文,38篇论文是关于人类和鱼类MNPs的ADE，36篇论文使用实验模型与MNPs毒性相关。这篇综述不仅总结了个别研究，还提出了一个初步的AEP-AOP框架。该框架提供了途径的全面概述，能够更清晰地可视化来自环境媒体的复杂过程，吸收，分布，以及对不良后果的分子影响。总的来说,这篇综述强调了通过利用AEP-AOP整合MNPs的暴露和毒性途径的重要性，以全面了解它们对人类和生态生物的影响。这些发现有助于强调需要进一步研究以填补该领域现有的知识空白，并制定更有效的MNPs安全管理战略。
