Abstract：
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries to fill the bone defects or fix the prostheses. These cements are usually containing amounts of a nonbioactive radiopacifying agent such as barium sulfate and zirconium dioxide, which does not have a good interface compatibility with PMMA, and the clumps formed from these materials can scratch metal counterfaces. In this work, graphene oxide encapsulated baghdadite (GOBgh) nanoparticles were applied as radiopacifying and bioactive agent in a PMMA bone cement containing 2 wt.% of vancomycin (VAN). The addition of 20 wt.% of GOBgh (GOBgh20) nanoparticles to PMMA powder caused a 33.6% increase in compressive strength and a 70.9% increase in elastic modulus compared to the Simplex® P bone cement, and also enhanced the setting properties, radiopacity, antibacterial activity, and the apatite formation in simulated body fluid. In vitro cell assessments confirmed the increase in adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 cells as well as the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of PMMA-GOBgh20 cement. The chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed the excellent angiogenesis activity of nanocomposite cement samples. In vivo experiments on a rat model also demonstrated the mineralization and bone integration of PMMA-GOBgh20 cement within four weeks. Based on the promising results obtained, PMMA-GOBgh20 bone cement is suggested as an optimal sample for use in orthopedic surgeries.
摘要：
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥通常用于骨科手术中以填充骨缺损或固定假体。这些水泥通常含有一定量的非生物活性的不透射线剂，如硫酸钡和二氧化锆，它与PMMA没有良好的接口兼容性，由这些材料形成的团块会刮伤金属配合面。在这项工作中,将氧化石墨烯封装的巴格达德石（GOBgh）纳米颗粒作为不透射线剂和生物活性剂应用于含有2wt。万古霉素(VAN)的%。添加20wt。与Simplex®P骨水泥相比，在PMMA粉末中添加%的GOBgh(GOBgh20)纳米颗粒可使抗压强度提高33.6%，弹性模量提高70.9%，并增强了设置属性，射线不透性,抗菌活性，以及模拟体液中磷灰石的形成。体外细胞评估证实了MG-63细胞的粘附和增殖以及人脂肪间充质干细胞在PMMA-GOBgh20水泥表面上的成骨分化的增加。绒毛尿囊膜测定显示纳米复合水泥样品具有优异的血管生成活性。在大鼠模型上的体内实验还证明了PMMA-GOBgh20水泥在四周内的矿化和骨整合。根据获得的有希望的结果，PMMA-GOBgh20骨水泥被建议作为用于骨科手术的最佳样品。
