PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.
A case-control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18-45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation-1968 and the French nomenclature of activities-1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.
Paternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18-3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20-4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14-3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03-6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09-4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13-4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09-3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23-8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87-11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36-9.01) for mothers.
Some paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.
A case-control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18-45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation-1968 and the French nomenclature of activities-1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.
Paternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18-3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20-4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14-3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03-6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09-4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13-4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09-3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23-8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87-11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36-9.01) for mothers.
Some paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.
摘要：
睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）是发达国家年轻男性中最常见的癌症。父母在生命早期的职业暴露被怀疑会增加TGCT风险。目的是评估出生时父母职业与成人TGCT之间的关联。
■进行了病例对照研究，包括来自20个法国大学医院的454例18-45岁的TGCT病例，根据地区和出生年份与670个对照相匹配。从参与者那里收集的数据包括根据1968年国际标准职业分类和1999年法国活动术语编码的出生时的父母工作。TGCT的赔率（OR）和95％置信区间（CI）使用条件逻辑回归进行估计，调整TGCT危险因素。
■出生时作为服务工作者的父亲工作（OR=1.98，CI1.18-3.30），防护服务人员(OR=2.40，CI1.20-4.81)，运输设备运营商(OR=1.96，CI1.14-3.37)，专业农民(OR=2.66，CI1.03-6.90)，作为中等教育教师（OR=2.27，CI1.09-4.76）或中等教育（OR=2.35，CI1.13-4.88）的产妇工作与成人TGCT显着相关。上述父系工作的精原细胞瘤风险增加，公共管理和国防的非精原细胞瘤风险增加；强制性社会保障（OR=1.99，CI1.09-3.65）；一般，经济,父亲的社会管理（OR=3.21，CI1.23-8.39）；母亲的中学教育老师（OR=4.67，CI1.87-11.67）和中学教育（OR=3.50，CI1.36-9.01）。
■一些父亲的工作，比如服务人员，运输设备运营商，或者专业农民，中等教育中的产妇工作似乎与TGCT的风险增加有关，TGCT具有特定的特征，具体取决于组织学类型。这些数据允许提出假设，以便进一步研究职业暴露参与发展TGCT的风险，比如接触杀虫剂，溶剂,或者重金属。
■进行了病例对照研究，包括来自20个法国大学医院的454例18-45岁的TGCT病例，根据地区和出生年份与670个对照相匹配。从参与者那里收集的数据包括根据1968年国际标准职业分类和1999年法国活动术语编码的出生时的父母工作。TGCT的赔率（OR）和95％置信区间（CI）使用条件逻辑回归进行估计，调整TGCT危险因素。
■出生时作为服务工作者的父亲工作（OR=1.98，CI1.18-3.30），防护服务人员(OR=2.40，CI1.20-4.81)，运输设备运营商(OR=1.96，CI1.14-3.37)，专业农民(OR=2.66，CI1.03-6.90)，作为中等教育教师（OR=2.27，CI1.09-4.76）或中等教育（OR=2.35，CI1.13-4.88）的产妇工作与成人TGCT显着相关。上述父系工作的精原细胞瘤风险增加，公共管理和国防的非精原细胞瘤风险增加；强制性社会保障（OR=1.99，CI1.09-3.65）；一般，经济,父亲的社会管理（OR=3.21，CI1.23-8.39）；母亲的中学教育老师（OR=4.67，CI1.87-11.67）和中学教育（OR=3.50，CI1.36-9.01）。
■一些父亲的工作，比如服务人员，运输设备运营商，或者专业农民，中等教育中的产妇工作似乎与TGCT的风险增加有关，TGCT具有特定的特征，具体取决于组织学类型。这些数据允许提出假设，以便进一步研究职业暴露参与发展TGCT的风险，比如接触杀虫剂，溶剂,或者重金属。
