Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in eukaryotes is vital to cellular homeostasis. Further knowledge of its putative role in plant RNA metabolism under stress is pivotal to developing fitness-optimizing strategies. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), part of the mRNA surveillance pathway, is an evolutionarily conserved form of gene regulation in all living organisms. Degradation of mRNA-bearing premature termination codons and regulation of physiological RNA levels highlight NMD\'s role in shaping the cellular transcriptome. Initially regarded as purely a tool for cellular RNA quality control, NMD is now considered to mediate various aspects of plant developmental processes and responses to environmental changes. Here we offer a basic understanding of NMD in eukaryotes by explaining the concept of premature termination codon recognition and NMD complex formation. We also provide a detailed overview of the NMD mechanism and its role in gene regulation. The potential role of effectors, including ABCE1, in ribosome recycling during the translation process is also explained. Recent reports of alternatively spliced variants of corresponding genes targeted by NMD in Arabidopsis thaliana are provided in tabular format. Detailed figures are also provided to clarify the NMD concept in plants. In particular, accumulating evidence shows that NMD can serve as a novel alternative strategy for genetic manipulation and can help design RNA-based therapies to combat stress in plants. A key point of emphasis is its function as a gene regulatory mechanism as well as its dynamic regulation by environmental and developmental factors. Overall, a detailed molecular understanding of the NMD mechanism can lead to further diverse applications, such as improving cellular homeostasis in living organisms.
摘要：
结论：真核生物中无义介导的mRNA衰变对细胞稳态至关重要。进一步了解其在胁迫下植物RNA代谢中的推定作用对于制定适应性优化策略至关重要。无义介导的mRNA衰变（NMD），mRNA监测途径的一部分，是所有生物体中进化上保守的基因调控形式。携带mRNA的过早终止密码子的降解和生理RNA水平的调节突出了NMD在塑造细胞转录组中的作用。最初被认为是纯粹的细胞RNA质量控制工具，NMD现在被认为是调解植物发育过程和对环境变化的反应的各个方面。在这里，我们通过解释过早终止密码子识别和NMD复合物形成的概念，提供了对真核生物中NMD的基本理解。我们还提供了NMD机制及其在基因调控中的作用的详细概述。效应器的潜在作用，包括ABCE1在内,在翻译过程中核糖体的回收也作了解释。拟南芥中NMD靶向的相应基因的选择性剪接变体的最新报道以表格形式提供。还提供了详细的数字来阐明工厂中的NMD概念。特别是,越来越多的证据表明，NMD可以作为一种新的遗传操作替代策略，可以帮助设计基于RNA的疗法来对抗植物的压力。重点是其作为基因调节机制的功能以及受环境和发育因素的动态调节。总的来说,对NMD机制的详细分子理解可以导致进一步的多样化应用，例如改善生物体的细胞稳态。
