PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Astronauts in space are subject to continuous exposure to ionizing radiation. There is concern about the acute and late-occurring adverse health effects that astronauts could incur following a protracted exposure to the space radiation environment. Therefore, it is vital to consider the current tools and models used to describe and study the organic consequences of ionizing radiation exposure. It is equally important to see where these models could be improved. Historically, radiobiological models focused on how radiation damages nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the role DNA repair mechanisms play in resulting biological effects, building on the hypotheses of Crowther and Lea from the 1940s and 1960s, and they neglected other subcellular targets outside of nuclear DNA. The development of these models and the current state of knowledge about radiation effects impacting astronauts in orbit, as well as how the radiation environment and cellular microenvironment are incorporated into these radiobiological models, aid our understanding of the influence space travel may have on astronaut health. It is vital to consider the current tools and models used to describe the organic consequences of ionizing radiation exposure and identify where they can be further improved.
摘要：
太空中的宇航员经常受到电离辐射的影响。人们担心宇航员长期暴露于太空辐射环境后可能会对健康造成严重和迟发性的不利影响。因此,考虑目前用于描述和研究电离辐射暴露的有机后果的工具和模型是至关重要的。同样重要的是，看看这些模型可以在哪里改进。历史上,放射生物学模型集中于辐射如何损伤核脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和DNA修复机制在由此产生的生物效应中的作用，建立在1940年代和1960年代Crowther和Lea的假设基础上，他们忽略了核DNA以外的其他亚细胞靶标。这些模型的发展和目前有关辐射效应影响轨道上宇航员的知识状况，以及辐射环境和细胞微环境如何纳入这些放射生物学模型，帮助我们了解太空旅行可能对宇航员健康的影响。至关重要的是，要考虑用于描述电离辐射暴露的有机后果的当前工具和模型，并确定可以进一步改进的地方。
