Abstract：
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium associated with multiple health benefits. Cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes are prevalent yet usually preventable non-communicable diseases. Modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases include excessive body weight, body inflammation, atherogenic lipid profile, and imbalanced glucose metabolism. This review explores the effects of spirulina on cardiometabolic diseases risk factors. Spirulina was effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference, with a potential dose-dependent effect. It also decreased interleukin 6, an important biomarker of body inflammation, by inhibiting NADPH oxidase enzyme, and lowering insulin resistance. spirulina supplementation also reduced triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Additionally, spirulina reduced fasting blood sugar and post-prandial blood sugar and increased insulin sensitivity, but no effect was observed on glycated hemoglobin A1c. The diverse nutrients, such as phycocyanin, gamma-linolenic acid, and vitamin B12, present in spirulina contribute to its cardiometabolic benefits. The doses used are heterogeneous for most studies, ranging from 1 to 8 grams daily, but most studies administered spirulina for 3 months to observe an effect. The collective evidence suggests that spirulina supplements may help improve risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, thus, preventing its development. However, due to the heterogeneity of the results, more randomized clinical trials are needed to draw robust conclusions about spirulina\'s therapeutic potential in ameliorating risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and fully elucidate the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects.
摘要：
螺旋藻（Arthrospiraplatensis）是一种与多种健康益处相关的蓝细菌。心血管疾病，如心血管疾病，非酒精性脂肪性肝病,和糖尿病是流行但通常可预防的非传染性疾病。心脏代谢疾病的可改变的危险因素包括体重过重，身体炎症,致动脉粥样硬化的脂质分布，和不平衡的葡萄糖代谢。本文就螺旋藻对心脏代谢疾病危险因素的影响作一综述。螺旋藻能有效减轻体重,身体质量指数,和腰围,具有潜在的剂量依赖性效应。它还减少了白细胞介素6，身体炎症的重要生物标志物，通过抑制NADPH氧化酶，降低胰岛素抵抗.补充螺旋藻也降低了甘油三酯，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高.此外,螺旋藻降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖，增加胰岛素敏感性，但未观察到对糖化血红蛋白A1c的影响。多样化的营养素，如藻蓝蛋白，γ-亚麻酸,和维生素B12，存在于螺旋藻有助于其心脏代谢的好处。大多数研究使用的剂量是不同的，每天1至8克，但大多数研究给药螺旋藻3个月来观察效果。集体证据表明，螺旋藻补充剂可能有助于改善心脏代谢疾病的危险因素，因此，阻止其发展。然而,由于结果的异质性，需要更多的随机临床试验来得出关于螺旋藻在改善心脏代谢疾病危险因素方面的治疗潜力的有力结论,并充分阐明其发挥作用的机制.
