Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to review the biological, pharmacological, and phytochemical aspects of the genus Haloxylon.
BACKGROUND: Plants of the genus Haloxylon have been used for a long time in traditional medicine, and they are distributed in the western Mediterranean region to the Middle East, Iran, Mongolia, Burma, and southwest China. The studied parts of Haloxylon species include aerial parts, leaves, branches, seeds, roots, rhizosphere, soil, and whole plants, used to treat several diseases, including sexual disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, eye disorders, skin diseases and hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and effective in the treatment of various ailments such as snake bite, stomach ache, diabetes, wounds, earache and sciatica pain, windbreak dune fixation, feeding of livestock and firewood.
OBJECTIVE: Till now, no review on the genus Haloxylon has been conducted. This review aimed to provide updated information on the genus Haloxylon, including traditional medicinal uses, valorization and exploitation of medicinal plants, phytochemistry, botanical characterization, pharmacological and toxicological research focusing on the medicinal properties of several Haloxylon species, especially their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antifungal activities, as well as the effect of each bioactive molecule isolated from these species and their pharmacological use, including the preclinical evaluation of new drugs.
METHODS: The present work was conducted using various scientific databases, including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Correct plant names were verified from plantlist.org. The results of this search were interpreted, analyzed, and documented based on the obtained bibliographic information.
RESULTS: Among all species of the Chenopodiaceae family, 6 species of the Haloxylon genus have approved antioxidant activity, 5 species have antibacterial activity, 3 species have anti-inflammatory activity, 2 species have cytotoxic activity, and 3 species have antifungal activity. The majority of the chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. Among them, the main bioactive constituents would be present in the alkaloid fraction. The study of more than 9 Haloxylon plants has identified more than 46 compounds. Pharmacological research proved that crude extracts and some pure compounds obtained from Haloxylon had activities for the treatment of different diseases. The objective of the present study was focused on antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antifungal diseases. From the study of the phytochemistry of the Haloxylon family, it was concluded that all studied plants had active compounds. Among them, 11 isolated molecules have medicinal activities with antioxidant properties, 10 molecules showed antibacterial effects, more than 6 molecules have anti-inflammatory properties, more than 9 isolated molecules have medicinal activities against cytotoxic diseases, and more than 28 molecules have antifungal effects. Therefore, the safety of Haloxylon herbal medicine should be considered a top priority in the early stages of development and clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Several previously conducted studies have validated multiple traditional uses of Haloxylon species. Further research is needed on Haloxylon plants before they can be fully utilized in the clinic as a potent drug candidate, as researchers are mainly focusing on alkaloids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids, whereas there are many other types of compounds that may possess novel biological activities.
BACKGROUND: Plants of the genus Haloxylon have been used for a long time in traditional medicine, and they are distributed in the western Mediterranean region to the Middle East, Iran, Mongolia, Burma, and southwest China. The studied parts of Haloxylon species include aerial parts, leaves, branches, seeds, roots, rhizosphere, soil, and whole plants, used to treat several diseases, including sexual disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, eye disorders, skin diseases and hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and effective in the treatment of various ailments such as snake bite, stomach ache, diabetes, wounds, earache and sciatica pain, windbreak dune fixation, feeding of livestock and firewood.
OBJECTIVE: Till now, no review on the genus Haloxylon has been conducted. This review aimed to provide updated information on the genus Haloxylon, including traditional medicinal uses, valorization and exploitation of medicinal plants, phytochemistry, botanical characterization, pharmacological and toxicological research focusing on the medicinal properties of several Haloxylon species, especially their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antifungal activities, as well as the effect of each bioactive molecule isolated from these species and their pharmacological use, including the preclinical evaluation of new drugs.
METHODS: The present work was conducted using various scientific databases, including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Correct plant names were verified from plantlist.org. The results of this search were interpreted, analyzed, and documented based on the obtained bibliographic information.
RESULTS: Among all species of the Chenopodiaceae family, 6 species of the Haloxylon genus have approved antioxidant activity, 5 species have antibacterial activity, 3 species have anti-inflammatory activity, 2 species have cytotoxic activity, and 3 species have antifungal activity. The majority of the chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. Among them, the main bioactive constituents would be present in the alkaloid fraction. The study of more than 9 Haloxylon plants has identified more than 46 compounds. Pharmacological research proved that crude extracts and some pure compounds obtained from Haloxylon had activities for the treatment of different diseases. The objective of the present study was focused on antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antifungal diseases. From the study of the phytochemistry of the Haloxylon family, it was concluded that all studied plants had active compounds. Among them, 11 isolated molecules have medicinal activities with antioxidant properties, 10 molecules showed antibacterial effects, more than 6 molecules have anti-inflammatory properties, more than 9 isolated molecules have medicinal activities against cytotoxic diseases, and more than 28 molecules have antifungal effects. Therefore, the safety of Haloxylon herbal medicine should be considered a top priority in the early stages of development and clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Several previously conducted studies have validated multiple traditional uses of Haloxylon species. Further research is needed on Haloxylon plants before they can be fully utilized in the clinic as a potent drug candidate, as researchers are mainly focusing on alkaloids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids, whereas there are many other types of compounds that may possess novel biological activities.
摘要：
目的：这篇综述旨在回顾生物，药理学,和梭梭属的植物化学方面。
背景：梭梭属植物已在传统医学中使用了很长时间，它们分布在地中海西部和中东，伊朗,蒙古,缅甸,和中国西南部。梭梭物种的研究部分包括地上部分，叶子,分支,种子,根,根际,土壤,和整个植物，用于治疗多种疾病，包括性障碍,肝胆疾病，眼部疾病,皮肤病和痔疮，腹泻,有效治疗各种疾病，如蛇咬伤，胃痛,糖尿病,伤口,耳痛和坐骨神经痛，防风沙丘固定，喂养牲畜和木柴。
目标：到现在为止，没有对梭梭属进行审查。这篇综述旨在提供有关梭梭属的最新信息，包括传统的药用,药用植物的增值和开发，植物化学,植物学表征,药理学和毒理学研究侧重于几种梭梭的药用特性，尤其是它们的抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗炎,细胞毒性和抗真菌活性，以及从这些物种中分离出的每种生物活性分子的作用及其药理用途，包括新药的临床前评估。
方法：目前的工作是使用各种科学数据库进行的，包括科学直接，Scopus,PubMed,谷歌学者，等。从plantlist.org验证了正确的植物名称。这次搜索的结果被解释，分析,并根据获得的书目信息进行记录。
结果：在藜科的所有物种中，梭梭属的6种已批准具有抗氧化活性，5种具有抗菌活性，3种具有抗炎活性，2种具有细胞毒活性，3种具有抗真菌活性。这种植物的大多数化学成分包括类黄酮，生物碱，酚类物质,皂苷,糖苷，还有单宁.其中,主要的生物活性成分将存在于生物碱部分中。对9种以上梭梭植物的研究已鉴定出46种以上的化合物。药理研究证明，从梭梭中获得的粗提物和一些纯化合物具有治疗不同疾病的活性。本研究的目的是集中在抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗炎,细胞毒性和抗真菌疾病。从梭梭家族的植物化学研究来看，结论是所有研究的植物都有活性化合物。其中,11个分离的分子具有抗氧化特性的药用活性，10分子显示出抗菌作用，超过6个分子具有抗炎特性，超过9种分离的分子具有抗细胞毒性疾病的药用活性，超过28个分子具有抗真菌作用。因此,在开发和临床试验的早期阶段，梭梭草药的安全性应被视为重中之重。
结论：先前进行的几项研究已经验证了梭梭的多种传统用途。梭梭植物在临床上作为有效的候选药物被充分利用之前，还需要进一步的研究，由于研究人员主要关注生物碱，二萜,和三萜类化合物，而有许多其他类型的化合物可能具有新的生物活性。
背景：梭梭属植物已在传统医学中使用了很长时间，它们分布在地中海西部和中东，伊朗,蒙古,缅甸,和中国西南部。梭梭物种的研究部分包括地上部分，叶子,分支,种子,根,根际,土壤,和整个植物，用于治疗多种疾病，包括性障碍,肝胆疾病，眼部疾病,皮肤病和痔疮，腹泻,有效治疗各种疾病，如蛇咬伤，胃痛,糖尿病,伤口,耳痛和坐骨神经痛，防风沙丘固定，喂养牲畜和木柴。
目标：到现在为止，没有对梭梭属进行审查。这篇综述旨在提供有关梭梭属的最新信息，包括传统的药用,药用植物的增值和开发，植物化学,植物学表征,药理学和毒理学研究侧重于几种梭梭的药用特性，尤其是它们的抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗炎,细胞毒性和抗真菌活性，以及从这些物种中分离出的每种生物活性分子的作用及其药理用途，包括新药的临床前评估。
方法：目前的工作是使用各种科学数据库进行的，包括科学直接，Scopus,PubMed,谷歌学者，等。从plantlist.org验证了正确的植物名称。这次搜索的结果被解释，分析,并根据获得的书目信息进行记录。
结果：在藜科的所有物种中，梭梭属的6种已批准具有抗氧化活性，5种具有抗菌活性，3种具有抗炎活性，2种具有细胞毒活性，3种具有抗真菌活性。这种植物的大多数化学成分包括类黄酮，生物碱，酚类物质,皂苷,糖苷，还有单宁.其中,主要的生物活性成分将存在于生物碱部分中。对9种以上梭梭植物的研究已鉴定出46种以上的化合物。药理研究证明，从梭梭中获得的粗提物和一些纯化合物具有治疗不同疾病的活性。本研究的目的是集中在抗氧化剂，抗菌，抗炎,细胞毒性和抗真菌疾病。从梭梭家族的植物化学研究来看，结论是所有研究的植物都有活性化合物。其中,11个分离的分子具有抗氧化特性的药用活性，10分子显示出抗菌作用，超过6个分子具有抗炎特性，超过9种分离的分子具有抗细胞毒性疾病的药用活性，超过28个分子具有抗真菌作用。因此,在开发和临床试验的早期阶段，梭梭草药的安全性应被视为重中之重。
结论：先前进行的几项研究已经验证了梭梭的多种传统用途。梭梭植物在临床上作为有效的候选药物被充分利用之前，还需要进一步的研究，由于研究人员主要关注生物碱，二萜,和三萜类化合物，而有许多其他类型的化合物可能具有新的生物活性。
