Abstract：
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that prenatal metal exposure is associated with child anthropometry. However, studies focusing on the growth rate of anthropometry among children have not been conducted. This study aimed to examine associations between the exposure of multiple metals during pregnancy and the growth rate of anthropometry among offspring.
METHODS: 743 mother-child pairs from the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) were included. Levels of eleven metals in mother\'s blood during pregnancy were measured. Offspring had a mean of 5.7 measurements on anthropometric indicators including weight, length/height, head circumference, and body mass index (BMI) within 1.5 years of birth. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to investigate the associations between maternal metal exposure and growth rate of anthropometric indicators in children. Stratification analysis by sex was also examined.
RESULTS: Levels of selenium (Se, β = 0.213, 95 % CI = 0.017 to 0.409, P = 0.033) were positively associated with length/height gain per month in children. Levels of chromium (Cr, β = 0.025, 95 % CI = 0.018 to 0.033, P < 0.001) were positively associated with the rate of weight gain. Levels of manganese (Mn, β = -0.030, 95 % CI = -0.052 to -0.008, P = 0.009) and cobalt (Co, β = -0.012, 95 % CI = -0.024 to -0.000, P = 0.044) were inversely associated with growth rate of head circumference. Children with higher maternal Mn levels had a lower BMI change rate. Associations between metals and growth rate were stronger in girls than in boys. Besides, significant associations between metal mixtures and growth rate were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to Se, Cr, Mn, and Co was associated with growth rate in children, with sex-specific disparities. Our results suggested important effects of maternal exposure to multiple metals on development in offspring.
METHODS: 743 mother-child pairs from the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) were included. Levels of eleven metals in mother\'s blood during pregnancy were measured. Offspring had a mean of 5.7 measurements on anthropometric indicators including weight, length/height, head circumference, and body mass index (BMI) within 1.5 years of birth. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to investigate the associations between maternal metal exposure and growth rate of anthropometric indicators in children. Stratification analysis by sex was also examined.
RESULTS: Levels of selenium (Se, β = 0.213, 95 % CI = 0.017 to 0.409, P = 0.033) were positively associated with length/height gain per month in children. Levels of chromium (Cr, β = 0.025, 95 % CI = 0.018 to 0.033, P < 0.001) were positively associated with the rate of weight gain. Levels of manganese (Mn, β = -0.030, 95 % CI = -0.052 to -0.008, P = 0.009) and cobalt (Co, β = -0.012, 95 % CI = -0.024 to -0.000, P = 0.044) were inversely associated with growth rate of head circumference. Children with higher maternal Mn levels had a lower BMI change rate. Associations between metals and growth rate were stronger in girls than in boys. Besides, significant associations between metal mixtures and growth rate were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to Se, Cr, Mn, and Co was associated with growth rate in children, with sex-specific disparities. Our results suggested important effects of maternal exposure to multiple metals on development in offspring.
摘要：
背景：据报道，产前金属暴露与儿童人体测量学有关。然而,尚未进行针对儿童人体测量学增长率的研究。这项研究旨在研究怀孕期间多种金属的暴露与后代的人体测量学增长率之间的关系。
方法：纳入了杭州出生队列研究（HBCS）的743对母子对。测量了怀孕期间母亲血液中11种金属的水平。后代的人体测量指标平均为5.7，包括体重，长度/高度,头围,出生后1.5年内的体重指数（BMI）。使用广义估计方程（GEE）模型研究了母体金属暴露与儿童人体测量指标增长率之间的关系。还检查了按性别进行的分层分析。
结果：硒水平（硒，β=0.213，95％CI=0.017至0.409，P=0.033）与儿童每月的身高/身高增长呈正相关。铬的水平（Cr，β=0.025，95％CI=0.018至0.033，P<0.001）与体重增加率呈正相关。锰水平(锰，β=-0.030，95%CI=-0.052至-0.008，P=0.009）和钴（Co，β=-0.012，95％CI=-0.024至-0.000，P=0.044）与头围增长率呈负相关。母亲Mn水平较高的儿童BMI变化率较低。女孩的金属与增长率之间的关联比男孩强。此外,发现金属混合物与生长速率之间存在显着关联。
结论：产前暴露于硒，Cr,Mn,Co与儿童的生长速度有关，具有性别差异。我们的结果表明，母体暴露于多种金属对后代发育的重要影响。
方法：纳入了杭州出生队列研究（HBCS）的743对母子对。测量了怀孕期间母亲血液中11种金属的水平。后代的人体测量指标平均为5.7，包括体重，长度/高度,头围,出生后1.5年内的体重指数（BMI）。使用广义估计方程（GEE）模型研究了母体金属暴露与儿童人体测量指标增长率之间的关系。还检查了按性别进行的分层分析。
结果：硒水平（硒，β=0.213，95％CI=0.017至0.409，P=0.033）与儿童每月的身高/身高增长呈正相关。铬的水平（Cr，β=0.025，95％CI=0.018至0.033，P<0.001）与体重增加率呈正相关。锰水平(锰，β=-0.030，95%CI=-0.052至-0.008，P=0.009）和钴（Co，β=-0.012，95％CI=-0.024至-0.000，P=0.044）与头围增长率呈负相关。母亲Mn水平较高的儿童BMI变化率较低。女孩的金属与增长率之间的关联比男孩强。此外,发现金属混合物与生长速率之间存在显着关联。
结论：产前暴露于硒，Cr,Mn,Co与儿童的生长速度有关，具有性别差异。我们的结果表明，母体暴露于多种金属对后代发育的重要影响。
