Abstract：
Numerical abilities are complex cognitive skills essential for dealing with requirements of the modern world. Although the brain structures and functions underlying numerical cognition in different species have long been appreciated, genetic and molecular techniques have more recently expanded the knowledge about the mechanisms underlying numerical learning. In this review, we discuss the status of the research related to the neurobiological bases of numerical abilities. We consider how genetic factors have been associated with mathematical capacities and how these link to the current knowledge of brain regions underlying these capacities in human and non-human animals. We further discuss the extent to which significant variations in the levels of specific neurotransmitters may be used as potential markers of individual performance and learning difficulties and take into consideration the therapeutic potential of brain stimulation methods to modulate learning and improve interventional outcomes. The implications of this research for formulating a more comprehensive view of the neural basis of mathematical learning are discussed.
摘要：
数字能力是复杂的认知技能，对于处理现代世界的需求至关重要。尽管不同物种的数字认知背后的大脑结构和功能早已被人们所重视，遗传和分子技术最近扩展了有关数值学习机制的知识。在这次审查中,我们讨论了与数字能力的神经生物学基础相关的研究现状。我们考虑遗传因素如何与数学能力相关联，以及这些如何与人类和非人类动物中这些能力背后的大脑区域的当前知识相关联。我们进一步讨论了特定神经递质水平的显着变化可用作个体表现和学习困难的潜在标志物的程度，并考虑了脑刺激方法调节学习和改善介入结果的治疗潜力。讨论了这项研究对制定更全面的数学学习神经基础观点的意义。
