Abstract：
Biodiversity loss and climate change have severely impacted ecosystems and livelihoods worldwide, compromising access to food and water, increasing disaster risk, and affecting human health globally. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have gained interest in addressing these global societal challenges. Although much effort has been directed to NbS in urban and terrestrial environments, the implementation of NbS in marine and coastal environments (blue NbS) lags. The lack of a framework to guide decision-makers and practitioners through the initial planning stages appears to be one of the main obstacles to the slow implementation of blue NbS. To address this, we propose an integrated conceptual framework, built from expert knowledge, to inform the selection of the most appropriate blue NbS based on desired intervention objectives and social-ecological context. Our conceptual framework follows a four incremental steps structure: Step 1 aims to identify the societal challenge(s) to address; Step 2 highlights ecosystem services and the underlying biodiversity and ecological functions that could contribute to confronting the societal challenge(s); Step 3 identify the specific environmental context the intervention needs to be set within (e.g. the spatial scale the intervention will operate within, the ecosystem\'s vulnerability to stressors, and its ecological condition); and Step 4 provides a selection of potential blue NbS interventions that would help address the targeted societal challenge(s) considering the context defined through Step 3. Designed to maintain, enhance, recover, rehabilitate, or create ecosystem services by supporting biodiversity, the blue NbS intervention portfolio includes marine protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected areas), restorative activities (i.e., active, passive, and partial restoration; rehabilitation of ecological function and ecosystem creation), and other management measures (i.e., implementation and enforcement of regulation). Ultimately, our conceptual framework guides decision-makers toward a versatile portfolio of interventions that cater to the specific needs of each ecosystem rather than imposing a rigid, one-size-fits-all model. In the future, this framework needs to integrate socio-economic considerations more comprehensively and be kept up-to-date by including the latest scientific information.
摘要：
生物多样性丧失和气候变化严重影响了全世界的生态系统和生计。损害食物和水的获取，增加灾害风险，影响全球人类健康。基于自然的解决方案（NbS）在解决这些全球社会挑战方面获得了兴趣。尽管在城市和陆地环境中已经针对NbS进行了很多努力，NBS在海洋和沿海环境中的实施(蓝色NBS)滞后。缺乏一个框架来指导决策者和从业人员完成最初的规划阶段，这似乎是蓝色NbS实施缓慢的主要障碍之一。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个综合的概念框架，建立在专业知识的基础上，根据所需的干预目标和社会生态环境选择最合适的蓝色NbS。我们的概念框架遵循四个渐进的步骤结构：步骤1旨在确定要解决的社会挑战；步骤2强调了生态系统服务以及可能有助于应对社会挑战的潜在生物多样性和生态功能；步骤3确定了干预需要设定的特定环境背景（例如干预将在其中进行的空间尺度，生态系统对压力源的脆弱性，及其生态条件）；步骤4提供了一系列潜在的蓝色NbS干预措施，这些干预措施将有助于解决考虑到步骤3定义的背景下的有针对性的社会挑战。旨在维护，增强,恢复,康复,或者通过支持生物多样性来创造生态系统服务，蓝色NBS干预组合包括海洋保护(即，完全,高度,轻轻地，和最低限度的保护区)，恢复性活动(即，活跃,被动,和部分恢复；恢复生态功能和生态系统创建)，和其他管理措施(即，法规的实施和执行)。最终,我们的概念框架指导决策者采取多种干预措施，以满足每个生态系统的特定需求，而不是强加僵化，一刀切的模型。在未来,该框架需要更全面地整合社会经济因素，并通过包括最新的科学信息来保持最新。
