Abstract：
Early investigations of the neuronal actin filament cytoskeleton gave rise to the notion that, although growth cones exhibit high levels of actin filaments, the axon shaft exhibits low levels of actin filaments. With the development of new tools and imaging techniques, the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton has undergone a renaissance and is now an active field of research. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the actin cytoskeleton of the axon shaft. The best understood forms of actin filament organization along axons are axonal actin patches and a submembranous system of rings that endow the axon with protrusive competency and structural integrity, respectively. Additional forms of actin filament organization along the axon have also been described and their roles are being elucidated. Extracellular signals regulate the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton and our understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved is being elaborated. Finally, recent years have seen advances in our perspective on how the axonal actin cytoskeleton is impacted by, and contributes to, axon injury and degeneration. The work to date has opened new venues and future research will undoubtedly continue to provide a richer understanding of the axonal actin filament cytoskeleton.
摘要：
对神经元肌动蛋白丝细胞骨架的早期研究产生了这样的观点，虽然生长锥表现出高水平的肌动蛋白丝，轴突轴显示低水平的肌动蛋白丝。随着新工具和成像技术的发展,轴突肌动蛋白丝细胞骨架经历了复兴，现在是一个活跃的研究领域。本文综述了轴突肌动蛋白细胞骨架的知识现状。轴突肌动蛋白丝组织的最佳理解形式是轴突肌动蛋白斑块和环的膜下系统，使轴突具有突出能力和结构完整性。分别。还描述了沿轴突的其他形式的肌动蛋白丝组织，并且正在阐明它们的作用。细胞外信号调节轴突肌动蛋白丝细胞骨架，我们对所涉及的信号传导机制的理解正在阐述中。最后,近年来，我们对轴突肌动蛋白细胞骨架如何受到影响的观点取得了进展，并有助于，轴突损伤和变性。迄今为止的工作开辟了新的领域，未来的研究无疑将继续为轴突肌动蛋白丝细胞骨架提供更丰富的理解。
