Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptides play a critical role in regulating pain and inflammation. Despite accumulating evidence has further uncovered the novel functions and mechanisms of different neuropeptides in orofacial pain sensation and transmission, there is deficient systematic description of neuropeptides\' pain modulation in the orofacial region, especially in the trigeminal system.
OBJECTIVE: The present review aims to summarise several key neuropeptides and gain a better understanding of their major regulatory roles in orofacial inflammation and pain.
METHODS: We review and summarise current studies related to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), opioid peptide (OP), galanin (GAL) and other neuropeptides\' functions and mechanisms as well as promising targets for orofacial pain control.
RESULTS: A number of neuropeptides are clearly expressed in the trigeminal sensory system and have critical functions in the transduction and pathogenesis of orofacial pain. The functions, possible cellular and molecular mechanisms have been introduced and discussed. Neuropeptides and their agonists or antagonists which are widely studied to be potential treatment options of orofacial pain has been evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS: Various neuropeptides play important but distinct (pro-nociceptive or analgesic) roles in orofacial pain with different mechanisms. In summary, CGRP, SP, NPY, NKA, HK-1, VIP mainly play proinflammatory and pro-nociceptive effects while OP, GAL, OXT, OrxA mainly have inhibitory effects on orofacial pain.
OBJECTIVE: The present review aims to summarise several key neuropeptides and gain a better understanding of their major regulatory roles in orofacial inflammation and pain.
METHODS: We review and summarise current studies related to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), opioid peptide (OP), galanin (GAL) and other neuropeptides\' functions and mechanisms as well as promising targets for orofacial pain control.
RESULTS: A number of neuropeptides are clearly expressed in the trigeminal sensory system and have critical functions in the transduction and pathogenesis of orofacial pain. The functions, possible cellular and molecular mechanisms have been introduced and discussed. Neuropeptides and their agonists or antagonists which are widely studied to be potential treatment options of orofacial pain has been evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS: Various neuropeptides play important but distinct (pro-nociceptive or analgesic) roles in orofacial pain with different mechanisms. In summary, CGRP, SP, NPY, NKA, HK-1, VIP mainly play proinflammatory and pro-nociceptive effects while OP, GAL, OXT, OrxA mainly have inhibitory effects on orofacial pain.
摘要：
背景：神经肽在调节疼痛和炎症中起关键作用。尽管越来越多的证据进一步揭示了不同神经肽在口面痛觉和传递中的新功能和机制，缺乏对口面部区域神经肽疼痛调节的系统描述，尤其是在三叉神经系统中.
目的：本综述旨在总结几种关键神经肽，并更好地了解它们在口面炎症和疼痛中的主要调节作用。
方法：我们回顾并总结了与降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）相关的最新研究，P物质（SP），阿片类肽（OP），甘丙肽（GAL）和其他神经肽的功能和机制以及口面疼痛控制的有希望的目标。
结果：许多神经肽在三叉神经感觉系统中明确表达，并在口面疼痛的转导和发病机理中具有关键功能。功能,可能的细胞和分子机制已经被介绍和讨论。已经评估了神经肽及其激动剂或拮抗剂，它们被广泛研究为口面疼痛的潜在治疗选择。
结论：各种神经肽在口面疼痛中发挥重要但不同的作用（伤害感受或镇痛），机制不同。总之,CGRP,SP,NPY,NKA,HK-1，VIP主要发挥促炎和伤害性作用，而OP，GAL,OXT,OrxA主要对口面部疼痛有抑制作用。
目的：本综述旨在总结几种关键神经肽，并更好地了解它们在口面炎症和疼痛中的主要调节作用。
方法：我们回顾并总结了与降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）相关的最新研究，P物质（SP），阿片类肽（OP），甘丙肽（GAL）和其他神经肽的功能和机制以及口面疼痛控制的有希望的目标。
结果：许多神经肽在三叉神经感觉系统中明确表达，并在口面疼痛的转导和发病机理中具有关键功能。功能,可能的细胞和分子机制已经被介绍和讨论。已经评估了神经肽及其激动剂或拮抗剂，它们被广泛研究为口面疼痛的潜在治疗选择。
结论：各种神经肽在口面疼痛中发挥重要但不同的作用（伤害感受或镇痛），机制不同。总之,CGRP,SP,NPY,NKA,HK-1，VIP主要发挥促炎和伤害性作用，而OP，GAL,OXT,OrxA主要对口面部疼痛有抑制作用。
