Abstract:
Most organic pollutants are serious environmental concerns globally due to their resistance to biological, chemical, and photolytic degradation. The vast array of uses of organic compounds in daily life causes a massive annual release of these substances into the air, water, and soil. Typical examples of these substances include pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since they are persistent and hazardous in the environment, as well as bio-accumulative, sensitive and efficient extraction and detection techniques are required to estimate the level of pollution and assess the ecological consequences. A wide variety of extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical water extraction, have been recently used for the extraction of organic pollutants from the environment. However, subcritical water has proven to be the most effective approach for the extraction of a wide range of organic pollutants from the environment. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the subcritical water extraction technique and its application to the extraction of PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and others form environmental matrices. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the influence of key extraction parameters, such as extraction time, pressure, and temperature, on extraction efficiency and recovery.
摘要:
大多数有机污染物由于对生物的抗性而引起全球严重的环境问题,化学,和光解降解。有机化合物在日常生活中的大量使用导致这些物质每年大量释放到空气中,水,和土壤。这些物质的典型例子包括杀虫剂,多氯联苯(PCBs),和多环芳烃(PAHs)。由于它们在环境中具有持久性和危害性,以及生物蓄积性,需要灵敏有效的提取和检测技术来估计污染水平和评估生态后果。各种各样的提取方法,包括加压液体提取,微波辅助提取,超临界流体萃取,和亚临界水提取,最近已用于从环境中提取有机污染物。然而,亚临界水已被证明是从环境中提取各种有机污染物的最有效方法。在这篇评论文章中,我们简要概述了亚临界水提取技术及其在多环芳烃提取中的应用,多氯联苯,杀虫剂,制药,和其他人形成环境矩阵。此外,我们简要讨论了关键提取参数的影响,例如提取时间,压力,和温度,提取效率和回收率。