Abstract：
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a foodborne bacterium, can infect people and has a high fatality rate in immunocompromised individuals. Listeriolysin O (LLO), the primary virulence factor of Lm, is critical in regulating the pathogenicity of Lm. This review concludes that LLO may either directly or indirectly activate a number of host cell viral pathophysiology processes, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necrosis and necroptosis. We describe the invasion of host cells by Lm and the subsequent removal of Lm by CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells upon receipt of the LLO epitopes from major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). The development of several LLO-based vaccines that make use of the pore-forming capabilities of LLO and the immune response of the host cells is then described. Finally, we conclude by outlining the several natural substances that have been shown to alter the three-dimensional conformation of LLO by binding to particular amino acid residues of LLO, which reduces LLO pathogenicity and may be a possible pharmacological treatment for Lm.
摘要：
单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Lm），一种食源性细菌，可以感染人，在免疫功能低下的个体中死亡率很高。李斯特溶素O（LLO），Lm的主要毒力因子，对调节Lm的致病性至关重要。这篇综述得出结论，LLO可能直接或间接激活许多宿主细胞病毒病理生理学过程，如细胞凋亡，焦亡,自噬,坏死和坏死。我们描述了Lm对宿主细胞的侵袭以及随后从主要组织相容性复合物I类（MHC-I）和主要组织相容性复合物II类（MHC-II）中接受LLO表位后CD8T细胞和CD4T细胞对Lm的去除。然后描述了利用LLO的孔形成能力和宿主细胞的免疫应答的几种基于LLO的疫苗的开发。最后,我们的结论是概述了几种天然物质，这些物质已被证明通过与LLO的特定氨基酸残基结合来改变LLO的三维构象，这降低了LLO的致病性，可能是Lm的一种可能的药物治疗方法。
