Abstract：
Bioassays are the main tool to decipher bioactivities from natural resources thus their selection and quality are critical for optimal bioprospecting. They are used both in the early stages of compounds isolation/purification/identification, and in later stages to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most common bioassays used in the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds with a focus on marine bioresources. We present a comprehensive list of practical considerations for selecting appropriate bioassays and discuss in detail the bioassays typically used to explore antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-ageing potential. The concept of quality control and bioassay validation are introduced, followed by safety considerations, which are critical to advancing bioactive compounds to a higher stage of development. We conclude by providing an application-oriented view focused on the development of pharmaceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetics, the industrial pipelines where currently known marine natural products hold most potential. We highlight the importance of gaining reliable bioassay results, as these serve as a starting point for application-based development and further testing, as well as for consideration by regulatory authorities.
摘要：
生物测定是从自然资源中破译生物活性的主要工具，因此它们的选择和质量对于最佳生物勘探至关重要。它们都用于化合物分离/纯化/鉴定的早期阶段，并在后期阶段评估其安全性和有效性。在这次审查中,我们全面概述了发现和开发新的生物活性化合物所使用的最常见的生物测定法，重点是海洋生物资源。我们提供了选择适当的生物测定的实际考虑因素的综合列表，并详细讨论了通常用于探索抗菌药物的生物测定，抗生物膜,细胞毒性，抗病毒，抗氧化剂，和抗衰老潜力。介绍了质量控制和生物测定验证的概念,其次是安全考虑，这对于将生物活性化合物推向更高的开发阶段至关重要。最后，我们提供了一个专注于药物开发的面向应用的观点，食品补充剂,和化妆品，目前已知的海洋天然产品最具潜力的工业管道。我们强调获得可靠的生物测定结果的重要性，因为这些是基于应用程序的开发和进一步测试的起点，以及监管机构的考虑。
