Abstract:
Nowadays, when climate change is becoming more and more evident, drought stress plays a very important role, including in agriculture. The increasing number of years with extreme temperatures in the Czech Republic has a negative impact on agricultural production, among other things. Therefore, ways are being sought to reduce these negative impacts. One of them may be the use of compochar (a mixture of compost and biochar) to improve water retention in the soil. The effect of compochar addition on soil properties and crop yield was tested under conditions simulating severe drought stress (greenhouse experiments) compared to normal conditions (field experiments). The aim was to find the most suitable ratio of compochar addition that would reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the yield and quality of peas and beans. Tested soil was only able to retain water between 0.03 and 0.18 cm3/cm3, while the compochar itself retained between 0.12 and 0.32 cm3 cm-3. Three substrate variants were tested by varying the amount of compochar (10, 30 and 50 % v/v) in the soil, and all three substrates showed a similar water content between 0.03 and 0.21 cm3 cm-3 depending on the planted crop and week of cultivation. No apparent stress was observed in crops planted in 100 % compochar. Nevertheless, in general, the trend of chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with increasing amounts of compochar in the soil, indicating stress. Yield increased by approximately 50 % for both test crops when 30 % compochar was used as substrate. The flavonoid content in beans was between 410 and 500 μg CE g-1 DW and in peas was approximately 300 μg CE g-1 DW. The results showed that the utilization of compochar had no effect on either total phenol content, flavonoid content or antioxidant capacity. The combination of compochar with soil (30 %) was found to positively affect the (i) soil moisture, (ii) crop yield, and (iii) nutritional properties of peas and beans and (iv) the ability of plants to withstand drought stress.
摘要:
如今,当气候变化变得越来越明显时,干旱胁迫起着非常重要的作用,包括农业。捷克共和国极端温度的年份越来越多,对农业生产产生了负面影响,除其他外。因此,正在寻求减少这些负面影响的方法。其中之一可能是使用堆肥炭(堆肥和生物炭的混合物)来改善土壤中的保水性。与正常条件(田间试验)相比,在模拟严重干旱胁迫(温室实验)的条件下测试了添加堆肥对土壤性质和作物产量的影响。目的是找到最合适的堆肥添加比例,以减少干旱胁迫对豌豆和豆类产量和品质的负面影响。测试的土壤只能保持0.03至0.18cm3/cm3的水,而堆肥本身保持在0.12至0.32cm3cm-3之间。通过改变土壤中堆肥的含量(10、30和50%v/v)测试了三种底物变体,所有三种基质在0.03至0.21cm3cm-3之间的含水量相似,具体取决于种植的作物和栽培周。在100%堆肥中种植的作物中未观察到明显的胁迫。然而,总的来说,叶绿素a/b比值随土壤中堆肥量的增加而增加,表明压力。当使用30%的堆肥作为底物时,两种测试作物的产量都增加了约50%。豆类中的类黄酮含量在410至500μgCEg-1DW之间,豌豆中的类黄酮含量约为300μgCEg-1DW。结果表明,堆肥的利用对总酚含量没有影响,类黄酮含量或抗氧化能力。发现堆肥与土壤(30%)的组合对(i)土壤湿度产生积极影响,(ii)作物产量,和(iii)豌豆和豆类的营养特性,以及(iv)植物承受干旱胁迫的能力。