Abstract：
During the HIV surge in the 1980s, inhaled volatile nitrites (poppers) were hypothesized as a possible cause of the AIDS. Later it was found that poppers use was not the cause but rather a marker associated with HIV acquisition and sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools.
This article reviews the available literature regarding the association between poppers use and newly acquired HIV, aiming to support the hypothesis that there is no causal association between nitrites use and HIV transmission and to discuss other contributing factors.
We searched all studies published until March 2022 that discussed poppers use and HIV. We extracted relevant information, such as authors and publication year, country where the study was conducted, study design, characteristics of the population, number of participants, objectives of the study, methods, results, and limitations.
The search identified 1956 abstracts, and 1915 were excluded after title review. Forty-one abstracts were assessed, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found an association between nitrites use and HIV transmission. Four studies associated HIV transmission with sexual behavior without the use of prevention tools, and 5 articles associated nitrites use with this kind of sexual behavior.
Our findings show a complex association among nitrites use, sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools, and sexually transmitted infections; furthermore, it is impossible to make causal inferences between poppers use and HIV disease. The data suggest that it is vital to consider this substance use when planning health policies for specific populations, such as men who have sex with men, focusing on harm reduction strategies, psychoeducation, and orientations on sex with the use of prevention tools.
PROSPERO CRD42020181437. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=181437.
This article reviews the available literature regarding the association between poppers use and newly acquired HIV, aiming to support the hypothesis that there is no causal association between nitrites use and HIV transmission and to discuss other contributing factors.
We searched all studies published until March 2022 that discussed poppers use and HIV. We extracted relevant information, such as authors and publication year, country where the study was conducted, study design, characteristics of the population, number of participants, objectives of the study, methods, results, and limitations.
The search identified 1956 abstracts, and 1915 were excluded after title review. Forty-one abstracts were assessed, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found an association between nitrites use and HIV transmission. Four studies associated HIV transmission with sexual behavior without the use of prevention tools, and 5 articles associated nitrites use with this kind of sexual behavior.
Our findings show a complex association among nitrites use, sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools, and sexually transmitted infections; furthermore, it is impossible to make causal inferences between poppers use and HIV disease. The data suggest that it is vital to consider this substance use when planning health policies for specific populations, such as men who have sex with men, focusing on harm reduction strategies, psychoeducation, and orientations on sex with the use of prevention tools.
PROSPERO CRD42020181437. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=181437.
摘要：
背景：在1980年代艾滋病毒激增期间，据推测，吸入的挥发性亚硝酸盐（Poppers）可能是艾滋病的原因。后来发现，在没有使用预防工具的情况下，使用Poppers不是原因，而是与HIV获得和性行为相关的标记。
目的：本文回顾了有关使用罂粟花与新获得的HIV之间关联的现有文献。旨在支持亚硝酸盐使用与HIV传播之间没有因果关系的假设，并讨论其他影响因素。
方法：我们搜索了直到2022年3月发表的所有研究，这些研究讨论了罂粟花的使用和HIV。我们提取了相关信息，如作者和出版年份，进行研究的国家，研究设计，人口的特点，参与人数,研究的目标，方法,结果，和限制。
结果：搜索确定了1956年的摘要，1915年在标题审查后被排除在外。评估了41份摘要，17项研究符合纳入标准.大多数研究发现亚硝酸盐的使用与HIV传播之间存在关联。四项研究在没有使用预防工具的情况下将艾滋病毒传播与性行为联系起来，和5篇文章将亚硝酸盐的使用与这种性行为有关。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，亚硝酸盐使用之间存在复杂的关联，不使用预防工具的性行为，和性传播感染；此外，不可能在使用波普尔和艾滋病毒疾病之间做出因果关系。数据表明，在为特定人群制定卫生政策时，必须考虑这种物质的使用，比如和男人发生性关系的男人,专注于减少伤害的战略，心理教育,以及使用预防工具的性取向。
背景：PROSPEROCRD42020181437.https://www.crd.约克。AC.uk/prospro/display_record.php?RecordID=181437。
目的：本文回顾了有关使用罂粟花与新获得的HIV之间关联的现有文献。旨在支持亚硝酸盐使用与HIV传播之间没有因果关系的假设，并讨论其他影响因素。
方法：我们搜索了直到2022年3月发表的所有研究，这些研究讨论了罂粟花的使用和HIV。我们提取了相关信息，如作者和出版年份，进行研究的国家，研究设计，人口的特点，参与人数,研究的目标，方法,结果，和限制。
结果：搜索确定了1956年的摘要，1915年在标题审查后被排除在外。评估了41份摘要，17项研究符合纳入标准.大多数研究发现亚硝酸盐的使用与HIV传播之间存在关联。四项研究在没有使用预防工具的情况下将艾滋病毒传播与性行为联系起来，和5篇文章将亚硝酸盐的使用与这种性行为有关。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，亚硝酸盐使用之间存在复杂的关联，不使用预防工具的性行为，和性传播感染；此外，不可能在使用波普尔和艾滋病毒疾病之间做出因果关系。数据表明，在为特定人群制定卫生政策时，必须考虑这种物质的使用，比如和男人发生性关系的男人,专注于减少伤害的战略，心理教育,以及使用预防工具的性取向。
背景：PROSPEROCRD42020181437.https://www.crd.约克。AC.uk/prospro/display_record.php?RecordID=181437。
