PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Its incidence is increasing globally, with a significant impact on public health. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a form of tobacco consumption that has been associated with various health risks, including potential effects on glucose homeostasis. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between SLT use and T2DM. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the relationship of age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, physical activity, and periodontal status with T2DM participants.
METHODS: The study was conducted over 24 months and included 82 T2DM cases and 164 non-diabetic controls. Demographic data, tobacco use, medical history, oral hygiene habits, BMI, and periodontal status were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and interviews. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 26.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago, Illinois).
RESULTS: The majority of T2DM cases were in the age group of 31-50 years, and there was a significant association between gender and T2DM, with more males being diabetic. There was no significant association between SES and diabetes. Obesity was found to be a significant risk factor for T2DM. Among SLT users, gutkha was the most commonly used product. SLT use was significantly associated with T2DM. Family history of diabetes and physical inactivity were also significantly associated with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that SLT use is a risk factor for T2DM and may be associated with increased diabetes risk. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to reduce the impact of SLT on diabetes risk.
METHODS: The study was conducted over 24 months and included 82 T2DM cases and 164 non-diabetic controls. Demographic data, tobacco use, medical history, oral hygiene habits, BMI, and periodontal status were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and interviews. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 26.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago, Illinois).
RESULTS: The majority of T2DM cases were in the age group of 31-50 years, and there was a significant association between gender and T2DM, with more males being diabetic. There was no significant association between SES and diabetes. Obesity was found to be a significant risk factor for T2DM. Among SLT users, gutkha was the most commonly used product. SLT use was significantly associated with T2DM. Family history of diabetes and physical inactivity were also significantly associated with diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that SLT use is a risk factor for T2DM and may be associated with increased diabetes risk. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to reduce the impact of SLT on diabetes risk.
摘要：
背景：2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以高血糖和胰岛素抵抗为特征的常见代谢紊乱。它的发病率在全球范围内增加，对公众健康有重大影响。无烟烟草（SLT）是一种与各种健康风险相关的烟草消费形式，包括对葡萄糖稳态的潜在影响。本病例对照研究旨在探讨SLT使用与T2DM的相关性。此外,这项研究旨在评估年龄的关系，性别,社会经济地位(SES)，体重指数（BMI），糖尿病家族史,身体活动,2型糖尿病参与者的牙周状况。
方法：该研究进行了24个月，包括82例T2DM和164例非糖尿病对照。人口统计数据,烟草使用,病史,口腔卫生习惯,BMI,和牙周状况通过自编问卷和访谈收集。使用Windows26.0的社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行统计分析(SPSS，公司。芝加哥，伊利诺伊州）。
结果：大多数T2DM患者年龄在31-50岁，性别与T2DM之间存在显著关联，更多的男性患有糖尿病。SES与糖尿病之间没有显著关联。肥胖是T2DM的重要危险因素。在SLT用户中，古特卡是最常用的产品。SLT使用与T2DM显著相关。糖尿病家族史和缺乏体力活动也与糖尿病显著相关。
结论：研究表明，SLT的使用是T2DM的危险因素，可能与糖尿病风险增加有关。需要进一步的研究来了解潜在的机制和潜在的干预措施，以减少SLT对糖尿病风险的影响。
方法：该研究进行了24个月，包括82例T2DM和164例非糖尿病对照。人口统计数据,烟草使用,病史,口腔卫生习惯,BMI,和牙周状况通过自编问卷和访谈收集。使用Windows26.0的社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行统计分析(SPSS，公司。芝加哥，伊利诺伊州）。
结果：大多数T2DM患者年龄在31-50岁，性别与T2DM之间存在显著关联，更多的男性患有糖尿病。SES与糖尿病之间没有显著关联。肥胖是T2DM的重要危险因素。在SLT用户中，古特卡是最常用的产品。SLT使用与T2DM显著相关。糖尿病家族史和缺乏体力活动也与糖尿病显著相关。
结论：研究表明，SLT的使用是T2DM的危险因素，可能与糖尿病风险增加有关。需要进一步的研究来了解潜在的机制和潜在的干预措施，以减少SLT对糖尿病风险的影响。
