Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations for a comprehensive management approach for infants and children presenting with symptoms or signs of aspiration.
METHODS: Three rounds of surveys were sent to authors from 23 institutions worldwide. The threshold for the critical level of agreement among respondents was set at 80 %. To develop the definition of \"intractable aspiration,\" each author was first asked to define the condition. Second, each author was asked to complete a 5-point Likert scale to specify the level of agreement with the definition derived in the first step.
RESULTS: Recommendations by the authors regarding the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and medical and surgical management options for aspiration in children.
CONCLUSIONS: Approach to pediatric aspiration is best achieved by implementing a multidisciplinary approach with a comprehensive investigation strategy and different treatment options.
METHODS: Three rounds of surveys were sent to authors from 23 institutions worldwide. The threshold for the critical level of agreement among respondents was set at 80 %. To develop the definition of \"intractable aspiration,\" each author was first asked to define the condition. Second, each author was asked to complete a 5-point Likert scale to specify the level of agreement with the definition derived in the first step.
RESULTS: Recommendations by the authors regarding the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and medical and surgical management options for aspiration in children.
CONCLUSIONS: Approach to pediatric aspiration is best achieved by implementing a multidisciplinary approach with a comprehensive investigation strategy and different treatment options.
摘要：
目的：为出现误吸症状或体征的婴儿和儿童的综合管理方法提供建议。
方法：向全球23个机构的作者发送了三轮调查。受访者之间达成一致的关键水平的门槛设定为80％。为了制定“顽固性抽吸”的定义，“首先要求每个作者定义条件。第二,每位作者被要求完成5点Likert量表,以指定与第一步中得出的定义的一致性水平.
结果：作者关于临床表现的建议，诊断注意事项,以及儿童误吸的医疗和外科管理选择。
结论：小儿误吸的最佳方法是实施多学科方法，采用综合调查策略和不同的治疗方案。
方法：向全球23个机构的作者发送了三轮调查。受访者之间达成一致的关键水平的门槛设定为80％。为了制定“顽固性抽吸”的定义，“首先要求每个作者定义条件。第二,每位作者被要求完成5点Likert量表,以指定与第一步中得出的定义的一致性水平.
结果：作者关于临床表现的建议，诊断注意事项,以及儿童误吸的医疗和外科管理选择。
结论：小儿误吸的最佳方法是实施多学科方法，采用综合调查策略和不同的治疗方案。
