Abstract：
Glaucoma is a chronic blinding eye disease caused by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Currently, no clinically approved treatment can directly improve the survival rate of RGCs. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is closely related to the genetic risk of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and has become a hot topic in the field of neurodegenerative disease research in recent years. The optic nerve and retina are extensions of the brain\'s nervous system. The pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases is closely related to the degenerative diseases of the nerves in the brain. APOE consists of three alleles, ε4, ε3, and ε2, in a single locus. They have varying degrees of risk for glaucoma. APOE4 and the APOE gene deletion (APOE-/-) can reduce RGC loss. By contrast, APOE3 and the overall presence of APOE genes (APOE+/+) result in significant loss of RGC bodies and axons, increasing the risk of glaucoma RGCs death. Currently, there is no clear literature indicating that APOE2 is beneficial or harmful to glaucoma. This study summarises the mechanism of different APOE genes in glaucoma and speculates that APOE targeted intervention may be a promising method for protecting against RGCs loss in glaucoma.
摘要：
青光眼是由视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）的进行性丧失引起的慢性致盲眼病。目前,没有临床批准的治疗方法可以直接提高RGCs的生存率。载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因与众多神经退行性疾病的遗传风险密切相关,近年来已成为神经退行性疾病研究领域的热点。视神经和视网膜是大脑神经系统的延伸部分。视网膜退行性疾病的发病机制与脑神经退行性疾病密切相关。APOE由三个等位基因组成，ε4，ε3和ε2，在单个基因座中。他们有不同程度的青光眼风险。APOE4和APOE基因缺失(APOE-/-)可以减少RGC损失。相比之下,APOE3和APOE基因的整体存在（APOE+/+）导致RGC体和轴突的显著损失，增加青光眼RGC死亡的风险。目前,没有明确的文献表明APOE2对青光眼有益或有害.这项研究总结了不同APOE基因在青光眼中的作用机制，并推测APOE靶向干预可能是一种有前途的预防青光眼RGCs损失的方法。
