PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Cereal production plays a major role in both animal and human diets throughout the world. However, cereal crops are vulnerable to attacks by fungal pathogens on the foliage, disrupting their biological cycle and photosynthesis, which can reduce yields by 15-20% or even 60%. Consumers are concerned about the excessive use of synthetic pesticides given their harmful effects on human health and the environment. As a result, the search for alternative solutions to protect crops has attracted the interest of scientists around the world. Among these solutions, biological control using beneficial microorganisms has taken on considerable importance, and several biological control agents (BCAs) have been studied, including species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, and Epicoccum, most of which include plants of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). Bacillus has proved to be a broad-spectrum agent against these leaf cereal diseases. Interaction between plant and beneficial agents occurs as direct mycoparasitism or hyperparasitism by a mixed pathway via the secretion of lytic enzymes, growth enzymes, and antibiotics, or by an indirect interaction involving competition for nutrients or space and the induction of host resistance (systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathway). We mainly demonstrate the role of BCAs in the defense against fungal diseases of cereal leaves. To enhance a solution-based crop protection approach, it is also important to understand the mechanism of action of BCAs/molecules/plants. Research in the field of preventing cereal diseases is still ongoing.
摘要：
谷物生产在全世界的动物和人类饮食中起着重要作用。然而,谷类作物容易受到叶面真菌病原体的攻击，破坏它们的生物循环和光合作用，可以降低15-20%甚至60%的产量。由于合成农药对人类健康和环境的有害影响，消费者担心过度使用合成农药。因此,寻找保护作物的替代解决方案吸引了世界各地科学家的兴趣。在这些解决方案中,使用有益微生物的生物防治具有相当重要的意义，并研究了几种生物防治剂(BCA)，包括属于芽孢杆菌属的物种，假单胞菌,链霉菌,木霉,枝孢霉,和Epicoccum,其中大多数包括促进生长的根际细菌（PGPR）的植物。芽孢杆菌已被证明是针对这些叶谷物疾病的广谱剂。植物和有益物质之间的相互作用通过裂解酶的分泌通过混合途径发生为直接的真菌寄生或超寄生。生长酶，和抗生素,或通过涉及营养或空间竞争和宿主抗性诱导的间接相互作用（系统获得性抗性（SAR）或诱导的系统抗性（ISR）途径）。我们主要证明了BCA在防御谷物叶片真菌病中的作用。为了加强基于解决方案的作物保护方法，了解BCA/分子/植物的作用机制也很重要。预防谷物疾病领域的研究仍在进行中。
