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Abstract：
Respirable particles are integral to effective inhalable therapeutic ingredient delivery, demanding precise engineering for optimal lung deposition and therapeutic efficacy. This review describes different physicochemical properties and their role in determining the aerodynamic performance and therapeutic efficacy of dry powder formulations. Furthermore, advances in top-down and bottom-up techniques in particle preparation, highlighting their roles in tailoring particle properties and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, are also presented. Practices adopted for particle engineering during the past 100 years indicate a significant transition in research and commercial interest in the strategies used, with several innovative concepts coming into play in the past decade. Accordingly, this article highlights futuristic particle engineering approaches such as electrospraying, inkjet printing, thin film freeze drying, and supercritical processes, including their prospects and associated challenges. With such technologies, it is possible to reshape inhaled therapeutic ingredient delivery, optimizing therapeutic benefits and improving the quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases and beyond.
摘要：
可吸入颗粒是有效的可吸入治疗成分输送不可或缺的部分，要求精确的工程，以获得最佳的肺沉积和治疗效果。这篇综述描述了不同的物理化学性质及其在确定干粉制剂的空气动力学性能和治疗功效中的作用。此外，颗粒制备中自上而下和自下而上技术的进步，突出它们在定制颗粒特性和优化治疗结果方面的作用，也提出了。在过去的100年中，粒子工程所采用的实践表明，在所使用的策略中，研究和商业利益发生了重大转变。在过去的十年里，一些创新的概念开始发挥作用。因此，这篇文章重点介绍了未来的粒子工程方法，如电喷射，喷墨打印,薄膜冷冻干燥，和超临界工艺，包括他们的前景和相关的挑战。有了这样的技术,可以重塑吸入治疗成分的输送，优化治疗效益，提高呼吸系统疾病患者的生活质量。
