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Abstract：
The Pingliang red cattle, an outstanding indigenous resource in China, possesses an exceptional breeding value attributed to its tender meat and superior marbling quality. Currently, research efforts have predominantly concentrated on exploring its maternal origin and conducting conventional phenotypic studies. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its genetic basis. To address this gap, we conducted a thorough whole-genome analysis to investigate the population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and gene flows of this breed using genomic SNP chip data from 17 bovine breeds. The results demonstrate that Pingliang red cattle have evolved distinct genetic characteristics unique to this breed, clearly distinguishing it from other breeds. Based on the analysis of the population structure and phylogenetic tree, it can be classified as a hybrid lineage between Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Furthermore, Pingliang red cattle display a more prominent B. taurus pedigree in comparison with Jinnan, Qinchuan, Zaosheng, Nanyang, and Luxi cattle. Moreover, this study also revealed closer genetic proximity within the Chinese indigenous cattle breed, particularly Qinchuan cattle, which shares the longest identical by descent (IBD) fragment with Pingliang red cattle. Gene introgression analysis shows that Pingliang red cattle have undergone gene exchange with South Devon and Red Angus cattle from Europe. Admixture analysis revealed that the proportions of East Asian taurine and Chinese indicine in the ancestry of Pingliang red cattle are approximately 52.44% and 21.00%, respectively, while Eurasian taurine, European taurine, and Indian indicine account for approximately 17.55%, 7.27%, and 1.74%. Our findings unveil distinct genetic characteristics in Pingliang red cattle and attribute their origin to B. taurus and B. indicus ancestry, as well as contributions from Qinchuan cattle, South Devon, and Red Angus.
摘要：
平凉红牛,中国优秀的本土资源，具有出色的育种价值，这归因于其嫩肉和出色的大理石花纹品质。目前,研究工作主要集中在探索其母体起源和进行常规表型研究。然而,对其遗传基础仍然缺乏全面的了解。为了解决这个差距，我们进行了全面的全基因组分析，以调查种群结构，系统发育关系，使用来自17个牛品种的基因组SNP芯片数据和该品种的基因流。结果表明平凉红牛已经进化出了该品种特有的独特遗传特征,明显区别于其他品种。在种群结构和系统发育树分析的基础上,它可以归类为Bostaurus和Bosindicus之间的杂交谱系。此外，平凉红牛与晋南红牛相比，具有更突出的金牛谱系，秦川,枣生,南阳,和鲁西牛。此外，这项研究还揭示了中国本土牛品种之间更接近的遗传，尤其是秦川牛，与平凉红牛共享最长的相同血统（IBD）片段。基因渗入分析表明，平凉红牛与欧洲的南德文郡和红安格斯牛进行了基因交换。混合物分析表明，平凉红牛祖先中东亚牛磺酸和中国野牛的比例约为52.44％和21.00％，分别,而欧亚牛磺酸，欧洲牛磺酸,印度占比约17.55%，7.27%，和1.74%。我们的发现揭示了平凉红牛独特的遗传特征，并将它们的起源归因于金牛座和indicus祖先，以及秦川牛的贡献，南德文郡,红安格斯
