Abstract:
The depletion of water resources has gained global attention, particularly in arid climates, where there is growing interest in reusing treated wastewater for irrigation. This study focuses on the impact of irrigating treated wastewater using a hybrid multi-soil-layering (MSL) technology on soil physicochemical properties and the agro-physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays) cultivated in Morocco, a region characterized by arid conditions. To achieve this research goals, three plots were cultivated with Zea mays and subjected to irrigation with water of varying qualities: raw wastewater (RWW), treated wastewater (TWW), and well water (WW). This experiment ran for five months, covering one crop season. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters in the soil and water were investigated, and the agro-physiological characteristics of the maize crops were assessed. The findings revealed significant differences in physicochemical and microbial parameters within both water and soil, as well as in the physiological responses of the maize crop, among the three water treatments. TWW\'s quality met the permissible limits for direct wastewater discharge, as prescribed by Moroccan norms, making it suitable for potential irrigation reuse. Moreover, the higher content of key elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) in WW indicated that TWW was more suitable for irrigation. Zea mays irrigated with RWW and TWW exhibited a higher accumulation of protein and sugar content compared to WW irrigation. Furthermore, the biomass parameters, including root, aerial, and grain dry weight, showed a positive effect on Zea mays irrigated with RWW and TWW compared to WW. Total chlorophyll content, on the other hand, was highest in plants irrigated with WW, followed by TWW. Plants irrigated with RWW produced the highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Conversely, plants irrigated with WW had a higher content of Ca, Na, and Mg. TWW yielded medium concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na compared to RWW and WW, attributed to the nutrients provided by irrigation with TWW using the hybrid MSL technology. In conclusion, aside from their use as irrigation water, treated wastewater emerges as a valuable source of plant nutrients and soil fertilizers. They offer significant nutritive value, enhancing plant growth, reducing the need for additional fertilizer application, lowering mineral fertilization costs, and increasing the productivity of infertile soils. This highlights the potential of treated wastewater to improve agricultural sustainability in arid regions like Morocco.
摘要:
水资源枯竭已引起全球关注,特别是在干旱气候中,在那里,人们对再利用处理过的废水进行灌溉越来越感兴趣。这项研究的重点是使用混合多土壤分层(MSL)技术灌溉处理过的废水对土壤理化性质和摩洛哥种植的玉米(Zeamays)的农业生理特性的影响,以干旱条件为特征的地区。为了实现这一研究目标,三个地块用玉米种植,并用不同质量的水进行灌溉:原废水(RWW),处理过的废水(TWW),和井水(WW)。这个实验持续了五个月,覆盖一个作物季节。研究了土壤和水中的理化和微生物参数,并对玉米作物的生理特性进行了评价。研究结果表明,水和土壤中的物理化学和微生物参数存在显着差异,以及玉米作物的生理反应,在三种水处理中。TWW的质量符合废水直接排放的允许限值,根据摩洛哥规范的规定,使其适合潜在的灌溉再利用。此外,关键元素(Na,K,Ca,和Mg)在WW中表明TWW更适合灌溉。与WW灌溉相比,RWW和TWW灌溉的玉米表现出更高的蛋白质和糖含量积累。此外,生物量参数,包括根,空中,和谷物干重,与WW相比,RWW和TWW对玉米灌溉有积极影响。总叶绿素含量,另一方面,在用WW灌溉的植物中最高,其次是TWW。用RWW灌溉的植物产生的氮含量最高,磷,钾。相反,用WW灌溉的植物具有较高的Ca含量,Na,Mg。TWW产生中等浓度的N,P,K,Ca,Mg,和Na与RWW和WW相比,归因于使用混合MSL技术用TWW灌溉提供的养分。总之,除了用作灌溉水,处理过的废水成为植物养分和土壤肥料的宝贵来源。它们提供了显著的营养价值,促进植物生长,减少额外施肥的需要,降低矿物施肥成本,提高贫瘠土壤的生产力。这凸显了经过处理的废水在摩洛哥等干旱地区改善农业可持续性的潜力。