Abstract：
In Algeria, camel husbandry is undergoing a shift from a traditional extensive system to one more intensive. Such a move in the production system of the dromedary camel should be well investigated in terms of animal welfare, health, and production status. The main objective of this study was to define and evaluate the effects of production systems on physiological responses (hematological and biochemical parameters) in Sahraoui dromedary camels to understand possible changes caused by intensive livestock farming. We analyzed the biochemical and hematological blood profiles in Sahraoui dromedary camel to evaluate and establish the differential responses to intensive conditions. Blood samples were taken from 41 healthy Sahraoui dromedary camels as part of routine veterinary analysis in southern Algeria. In total, 28 camels were from an intensive production system (IS) fed with formulated concentrate and a supply of minerals, and 13 camels were reared in a traditional extensive system (ES) maintained exclusively on grazing. Animals were of a different sex: 16 males and 25 females, and they were divided into three age categories: less than 4 years, 4 to 8, and above 8 years. All animals were healthy. This enabled us to simultaneously check the effect of age and sex on the blood profiles. Results showed that the production system affected the blood parameters of Sahraoui dromedary camel; as total protein, total cholesterol, and urea concentration were significantly higher in the plasma of animals in the intensive production system (P < 0.05). Glucose, triglycerides, and urea values differed significantly (P < 0.05) in camel plasma between age categories. Sex in our study had no effect on enzyme activities (P > 0.05). However, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in camels reared in the extensive production system (1454.13 ± 290 IU/l) than those reared in intensive production system (1313.17 ± 32 IU/l). Age and sex had a marginal effect on mineral status in dromedary camel plasma as only iron concentrations were significantly higher in male camels (P < 0.05), while Ca, P, and K concentrations were increased in the intensive system. On the other hand, our findings showed that sex, age, and production system did not affect the hematological parameters of Sahraoui dromedary (P > 0.05), except for hematocrit (PCV %) that was significantly higher in the extensive system. This work contributes to a better understanding of Sahraoui dromedary camel biology regarding the effect of different production systems on hemato-biochemical parameters.
摘要：
在阿尔及利亚,骆驼畜牧业正在经历从传统的粗放型系统向集约型系统的转变。单峰骆驼生产系统中的这种举动应该在动物福利方面进行很好的研究，健康,和生产状况。这项研究的主要目的是定义和评估生产系统对Sahraoui单峰骆驼的生理反应（血液学和生化参数）的影响，以了解集约化畜牧业可能引起的变化。我们分析了Sahraoui单峰骆驼的生化和血液学血液特征，以评估和建立对密集条件的差异反应。作为阿尔及利亚南部常规兽医分析的一部分，从41只健康的Sahraoui单峰骆驼中采集了血液样本。总的来说,28头骆驼来自集约化生产系统（IS），其中装有配制的浓缩物和矿物质供应，并在传统的放牧系统（ES）中饲养了13头骆驼。动物的性别不同：雄性16只，雌性25只，他们分为三个年龄段：不到4岁，4到8岁，8岁以上。所有动物都是健康的。这使我们能够同时检查年龄和性别对血液特征的影响。结果表明，生产系统影响了Sahraoui单峰骆驼的血液参数；作为总蛋白，总胆固醇,在集约化生产系统中，动物血浆中尿素浓度明显升高（P<0.05）。葡萄糖,甘油三酯，不同年龄段骆驼血浆中尿素值差异显著(P<0.05)。性别对酶活性无影响(P>0.05)。然而,在广泛生产系统中饲养的骆驼的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）（1454.13±290IU/l）明显高于在集约化生产系统中饲养的骆驼（1313.17±32IU/l）（P<0.05）。年龄和性别对单峰骆驼血浆的矿物质状态有边际影响，因为只有雄性骆驼的铁浓度显着升高（P<0.05）。而Ca,P,在密集系统中，钾浓度增加。另一方面,我们的发现表明性，年龄,和生产系统没有影响Sahraoui单峰化的血液学参数（P>0.05），除了血细胞比容（PCV％）在广泛系统中明显更高。这项工作有助于更好地了解Sahraoui单峰骆驼生物学，了解不同生产系统对血液生化参数的影响。
