PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Over the past decade, scholarly attention has increasingly focused on what is known as the \'refugee gap\', which refers to the great difficulty asylum seekers and refugees face in entering the labour market in the host country. This poses a grave threat of social and occupational marginalisation for this group and highlights the role of systemic factors in facilitating resilience outcomes. By adopting a systemic perspective, this research aims to provide a critical reflection on the key features that should be considered when designing and implementing effective career counselling interventions for asylum seekers and refugees. To this end, a systematic review of the international applied research published by October 2022 has been carried out, using the PRISMA model. The 20 selected publications are grouped according to three main career research strands that reflect the core aspects to be addressed within career interventions in order to assist asylum seekers and refugees in their life and career transition in the host country, namely (i) psychosocial resources, (ii) identity transformation processes, and (iii) lived experiences and meaning-making processes. The main findings of the studies are discussed by looking into common themes that emerge from the literature, namely challenges related to migration contexts, self-regulating personal resources and skills, and sense of self and identity in career transitions, as well as considerations on the design aspects of career counselling and research targeting As&R. Finally, some guidelines and directions for action are provided for the purpose of developing inclusive career counselling interventions for As&R.
摘要：
在过去的十年里，学术界的注意力越来越集中在所谓的“难民缺口”上，这是指寻求庇护者和难民在进入东道国劳动力市场时面临的巨大困难。这对这一群体构成了社会和职业边缘化的严重威胁，并强调了系统性因素在促进复原力结果方面的作用。通过采用系统的观点，这项研究旨在对为寻求庇护者和难民设计和实施有效的职业咨询干预措施时应考虑的关键特征进行批判性反思。为此,对2022年10月发表的国际应用研究进行了系统回顾，使用PRISMA模型。这20份选定的出版物按照三个主要职业研究领域进行分组，这些领域反映了职业干预措施中需要解决的核心问题，以协助寻求庇护者和难民在东道国的生活和职业过渡，即（i）心理社会资源，(二)身份转换过程，和(iii)生活经验和意义创造过程。研究的主要发现是通过研究从文献中出现的共同主题来讨论的，即与移民环境相关的挑战，自我调节的个人资源和技能，以及职业转型中的自我意识和认同感，以及针对As＆R的职业咨询和研究的设计方面的考虑。最后,提供了一些指导方针和行动方向，目的是为As&R开发包容性职业咨询干预措施。
