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Abstract：
The cerebral cortex-the brain\'s covering and largest region-has increased in size and complexity in humans and supports higher cognitive functions such as language and abstract thinking. There is a growing understanding of the human cerebral cortex, including the diversity and number of cell types that it contains, as well as of the developmental mechanisms that shape cortical structure and organization. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of molecular and cellular processes, as well as mechanical forces, that regulate the folding of the cerebral cortex. Advances in human genetics, coupled with experimental modeling in gyrencephalic species, have provided insights into the central role of cortical progenitors in the gyrification and evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex. These studies are essential for understanding the emergence of structural and functional organization during cortical development and the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cortical malformations.
摘要：
大脑皮层-大脑的覆盖范围和最大区域-在人类中的大小和复杂性增加，并支持更高的认知功能，如语言和抽象思维。人们对人类大脑皮层的了解越来越多，包括它所包含的细胞类型的多样性和数量，以及塑造皮质结构和组织的发育机制。在这次审查中,我们讨论了我们对分子和细胞过程的理解的最新进展，以及机械力，调节大脑皮层的折叠。人类遗传学的进展，再加上旋脑物种的实验模型，提供了有关皮层祖细胞在大脑皮层的回旋和进化扩展中的核心作用的见解。这些研究对于了解皮质发育过程中结构和功能组织的出现以及与皮质畸形相关的神经发育障碍的发病机理至关重要。
