Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To present the profile of a large cohort of children with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) and identify their predictors of poor visual outcome in a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This was a single-center study. Medical records of children diagnosed with persistent fetal vasculature between January 1990 and January 2020 at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Riyadh, were reviewed. Data were collected on PFV type, presenting features, management, and visual acuity. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to identify the predictors of poor visual outcome.
RESULTS: Data of 175 eyes of 170 children with PFV were analyzed. Most had unilateral disease (n = 165, 96.2%), and over half of them (57.1%) were males. The main presenting complaints were leukocoria (n = 126, 72.0%), followed by smaller eye (n = 36, 20.6%), poor vision (n = 15, 8.6%), and strabismus (n = 13, 7.4%). Anterior, posterior, and combined PFV were present in 30.9%, 10.9%, and 58.3% eyes, respectively. In eyes with measurable visual acuity (n = 124), BCVA at the last follow-up was ≥20/100, <20/100-20/400, CF/HM and LP/NLP in 11 (8.9%), 32 (25.8%), 43 (34.7%), and 38 (30.6%) eyes, respectively. In the multivariable poisson regression analysis, eyes with posterior PFV were approximately two times more likely to have a BCVA of CF or worse than those with anterior PFV (Adjusted incidence ratio: 1.82 (95%: 1.23, 2.70; P = 0.003). Compared with eyes with primary or secondary IOL implantation, aphakic eyes or those with no cataract surgery were significantly more likely to have BCVA of CF or worse (adjusted incidence ratio: 1.84 [95%: 1.18, 2.86], p = 0.007 and adjusted incidence ratio: 1.64 [95%: 1.08, 2.50], p = 0.020, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of PFV varies depending on the severity of the disease. Patients with posterior PFV had worse visual outcome than anterior or combined type. Whether primary or secondary, IOL implantation increases the probability of having BCVA better than CF.
METHODS: This was a single-center study. Medical records of children diagnosed with persistent fetal vasculature between January 1990 and January 2020 at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Riyadh, were reviewed. Data were collected on PFV type, presenting features, management, and visual acuity. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to identify the predictors of poor visual outcome.
RESULTS: Data of 175 eyes of 170 children with PFV were analyzed. Most had unilateral disease (n = 165, 96.2%), and over half of them (57.1%) were males. The main presenting complaints were leukocoria (n = 126, 72.0%), followed by smaller eye (n = 36, 20.6%), poor vision (n = 15, 8.6%), and strabismus (n = 13, 7.4%). Anterior, posterior, and combined PFV were present in 30.9%, 10.9%, and 58.3% eyes, respectively. In eyes with measurable visual acuity (n = 124), BCVA at the last follow-up was ≥20/100, <20/100-20/400, CF/HM and LP/NLP in 11 (8.9%), 32 (25.8%), 43 (34.7%), and 38 (30.6%) eyes, respectively. In the multivariable poisson regression analysis, eyes with posterior PFV were approximately two times more likely to have a BCVA of CF or worse than those with anterior PFV (Adjusted incidence ratio: 1.82 (95%: 1.23, 2.70; P = 0.003). Compared with eyes with primary or secondary IOL implantation, aphakic eyes or those with no cataract surgery were significantly more likely to have BCVA of CF or worse (adjusted incidence ratio: 1.84 [95%: 1.18, 2.86], p = 0.007 and adjusted incidence ratio: 1.64 [95%: 1.08, 2.50], p = 0.020, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of PFV varies depending on the severity of the disease. Patients with posterior PFV had worse visual outcome than anterior or combined type. Whether primary or secondary, IOL implantation increases the probability of having BCVA better than CF.
摘要：
目的：在沙特阿拉伯的一家三级眼科医院中，提供了一个庞大的具有持续性胎儿血管系统（PFV）的儿童队列的概况，并确定了他们视力不良的预测因素。
方法：这是一项单中心研究。1990年1月至2020年1月在KingKhaled眼科专科医院（KKESH）诊断患有持续性胎儿血管的儿童的医疗记录，利雅得,被审查了。数据收集了PFV类型，呈现特征，管理,和视力。具有稳健误差方差的泊松回归用于识别不良视觉结果的预测因子。
结果：分析170例PFV患儿的175只眼数据。大多数患有单侧疾病（n=165，96.2％），其中一半以上(57.1%)是男性。主要的投诉是白细胞增多症(n=126，72.0%)，其次是眼睛较小(n=36，20.6%)，视力差（n=15，8.6%），和斜视（n=13，7.4%）。前,后部,合并的PFV占30.9%，10.9%,58.3%的眼睛，分别。在具有可测量视敏度的眼睛中(n=124)，末次随访时BCVA≥20/100，<20/100-20/400，CF/HM和LP/NLP占11（8.9％），32（25.8%），43（34.7%），和38只(30.6%)眼睛，分别。在多变量泊松回归分析中，与前PFV患者相比,后PFV患者发生CFBCVA的可能性大约是前PFV患者的2倍(调整后发生率:1.82(95%:1.23,2.70;P=0.003).与初次或二次人工晶状体植入术眼相比，无晶状体眼或无白内障手术者明显更有可能出现CF的BCVA或更差(调整后的发病率:1.84[95%:1.18,2.86],p=0.007和调整发生率：1.64[95％：1.08，2.50]，分别为p=0.020)。
结论：PFV的预后因疾病的严重程度而异。后PFV患者的视力结果比前路或复合型差。无论是主要的还是次要的，与CF相比，IOL植入增加了BCVA的可能性。
方法：这是一项单中心研究。1990年1月至2020年1月在KingKhaled眼科专科医院（KKESH）诊断患有持续性胎儿血管的儿童的医疗记录，利雅得,被审查了。数据收集了PFV类型，呈现特征，管理,和视力。具有稳健误差方差的泊松回归用于识别不良视觉结果的预测因子。
结果：分析170例PFV患儿的175只眼数据。大多数患有单侧疾病（n=165，96.2％），其中一半以上(57.1%)是男性。主要的投诉是白细胞增多症(n=126，72.0%)，其次是眼睛较小(n=36，20.6%)，视力差（n=15，8.6%），和斜视（n=13，7.4%）。前,后部,合并的PFV占30.9%，10.9%,58.3%的眼睛，分别。在具有可测量视敏度的眼睛中(n=124)，末次随访时BCVA≥20/100，<20/100-20/400，CF/HM和LP/NLP占11（8.9％），32（25.8%），43（34.7%），和38只(30.6%)眼睛，分别。在多变量泊松回归分析中，与前PFV患者相比,后PFV患者发生CFBCVA的可能性大约是前PFV患者的2倍(调整后发生率:1.82(95%:1.23,2.70;P=0.003).与初次或二次人工晶状体植入术眼相比，无晶状体眼或无白内障手术者明显更有可能出现CF的BCVA或更差(调整后的发病率:1.84[95%:1.18,2.86],p=0.007和调整发生率：1.64[95％：1.08，2.50]，分别为p=0.020)。
结论：PFV的预后因疾病的严重程度而异。后PFV患者的视力结果比前路或复合型差。无论是主要的还是次要的，与CF相比，IOL植入增加了BCVA的可能性。
