Abstract：
Drought severely slows down plant growth, decreases crop yield, and affects various physiological processes in plants. We examined four local bread wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance (drought-tolerant Zirva 85 and Murov 2 and drought-sensitive Aran and Gyzyl bughda cultivars). Leaves from seedlings of drought-tolerant plants demonstrated higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The content of soluble proteins in drought-exposed increased, possibly due to the stress-induced activation of gene expression and protein synthesis. Drought-exposed Zirva 85 plants exhibited an elevated activity of nitrogen and carbon metabolism enzymes. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed drought-induced damage to mesophyll cells and chloroplast membranes, although it was manifested less in the drought-tolerant cultivars. Comparative analysis of the activity of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, as well as observed ultrastructural changes in drought-exposed plants revealed that the response to drought of seedlings was more pronounced in drought-tolerant cultivars. These findings can be used in further studies of drought stress in wheat plants under natural conditions.
摘要：
干旱严重减缓植物生长，降低作物产量，并影响植物的各种生理过程。我们检查了四个耐旱性不同的本地面包小麦品种（耐旱性Zirva85和Murov2以及对干旱敏感的Aran和Gyzylbughda品种）。耐旱植物幼苗的叶片显示出更高的抗氧化酶活性，而丙二醛和过氧化氢的含量较低。干旱暴露的可溶性蛋白质含量增加，可能是由于应激诱导的基因表达和蛋白质合成的激活。干旱暴露的Zirva85植物表现出升高的氮和碳代谢酶活性。透射电镜超微结构分析显示干旱对叶肉细胞和叶绿体膜的损伤,尽管在耐旱品种中表现较少。代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的比较分析，以及观察到的干旱植物的超微结构变化表明，耐旱品种对幼苗干旱的反应更为明显。这些发现可用于进一步研究自然条件下小麦植株的干旱胁迫。
