Abstract：
The risks of planktonic cyanobacteria blooms have been the focus of much scientific research, but studies on the ecotoxicological effects of benthic cyanobacteria are lagging. The impacts of cyanobacteria cells on fish populations might be more complex in contrast to purified cyanotoxins or cyanobacteria extracts. This study systematically compared the chronic effects of benthic Oscillatoria sp. (producing cylindrospermopsins) and planktonic Microcystis aeruginosa (producing microcystins) on the growth and reproduction of zebrafish through life-cycle exposure (5- 90 days post fertilization). The results showed that both Oscillatoria sp. and M. aeruginosa exposure caused growth inhibition and fecundity reduction in F0 generation by disrupting sex hormone levels, delayed ovarian and sperm development, and induced pathological lesions in zebrafish gonads. Furthermore, exposure to Oscillatoria sp. or M. aeruginosa in adult zebrafish increased mortality and teratogenicity in F1 embryos (without exposure), indicating a parental transmission effect of developmental toxicity. The difference was that M. aeruginosa exposure led to significant alterations in pathways, such as tissue development, redox processes, and steroid hormone synthesis. In contrast, Oscillatoria sp. exposure primarily disrupted the PPAR signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, and lipid transport pathways. Interestingly, the differentially expressed genes revealed that male fish were more sensitive to harmful cyanobacteria than females, whether exposed to Oscillatoria sp. or M. aeruginosa. These findings contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of the chronic toxic effects of distinct types of harmful cyanobacteria, suggesting that the ecological risk of benthic cyanobacteria requires further attention.
摘要：
浮游蓝藻水华的风险一直是许多科学研究的焦点，但是关于底栖蓝藻生态毒理效应的研究还很滞后。与纯化的蓝藻毒素或蓝藻提取物相比，蓝藻细胞对鱼类种群的影响可能更为复杂。本研究系统地比较了底栖镰刀菌的慢性影响。通过生命周期暴露（受精后5-90天），对斑马鱼的生长和繁殖的铜绿微囊藻（产生微囊藻毒素）和浮游微囊藻。结果表明，两种颤音。和铜绿分枝杆菌暴露通过破坏性激素水平导致F0生成的生长抑制和繁殖力降低，卵巢和精子发育延迟，并诱发斑马鱼性腺的病理损伤。此外，暴露于Oscillatoriasp.或成年斑马鱼中的铜绿分枝杆菌增加F1胚胎的死亡率和致畸性（不暴露），表明发育毒性的父母传播效应。不同的是，铜绿假单胞菌暴露导致途径的显著改变，如组织发育，氧化还原过程，和类固醇激素合成。相比之下,Oscillatoriasp.暴露主要破坏PPAR信号通路，细胞粘附分子，和脂质运输途径。有趣的是,差异表达的基因表明，雄性鱼对有害蓝藻比雌性鱼更敏感，是否暴露于Oscillatoriasp。或者铜绿M.这些发现有助于更好地理解不同类型的有害蓝藻的慢性毒性作用，这表明底栖蓝藻的生态风险需要进一步关注。
