Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to create an overview of available instruments used to evaluate the menstrual complaints of dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in adolescents.
METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO on December 1, 2022. Studies published in English reporting on menstrual complaints among girls aged 10-19 were included. The quality and bias risk was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.
RESULTS: Of 8994 identified studies, 57 were included. In these studies, 19 instruments were described, of which 8 were validated in adolescents. One was difficult to use in daily practice, 1 had low sensitivity and specificity in the detection of HMB, 2 were validated by face validity, and 2 were not specifically developed to evaluate (the impact of) menstrual complaints. Therefore, only 2 were validated and feasible to measure adolescent menstrual complaints: the Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) and the Adolescent Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (aMBQ). Remarkably, the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) was the most frequently used instrument in adolescents. There was one modified version of the PBAC for adolescents, which had a lower cutoff value for HMB and low sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that the PIPPA and aMBQ are suitable for assessing menstrual complaints and their impact on daily activities and health-related quality of life in adolescents. The PBAC, which is used frequently in adults, needs to be further assessed specifically for adolescents. In particular, the clinical relevance of the PBAC cutoff value for HMB should be determined for this age group. Considering the different interpretations, experiences, and limited knowledge of menstrual complaints, instruments suitable for adults may not be suitable for adolescents.
METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO on December 1, 2022. Studies published in English reporting on menstrual complaints among girls aged 10-19 were included. The quality and bias risk was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.
RESULTS: Of 8994 identified studies, 57 were included. In these studies, 19 instruments were described, of which 8 were validated in adolescents. One was difficult to use in daily practice, 1 had low sensitivity and specificity in the detection of HMB, 2 were validated by face validity, and 2 were not specifically developed to evaluate (the impact of) menstrual complaints. Therefore, only 2 were validated and feasible to measure adolescent menstrual complaints: the Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) and the Adolescent Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (aMBQ). Remarkably, the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) was the most frequently used instrument in adolescents. There was one modified version of the PBAC for adolescents, which had a lower cutoff value for HMB and low sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that the PIPPA and aMBQ are suitable for assessing menstrual complaints and their impact on daily activities and health-related quality of life in adolescents. The PBAC, which is used frequently in adults, needs to be further assessed specifically for adolescents. In particular, the clinical relevance of the PBAC cutoff value for HMB should be determined for this age group. Considering the different interpretations, experiences, and limited knowledge of menstrual complaints, instruments suitable for adults may not be suitable for adolescents.
摘要：
目的：这篇综述旨在概述用于评估青少年痛经和月经大出血（HMB）的月经主诉的可用仪器。
方法：搜索在Pubmed，WebofScience,Embase和Psychinfo在2022年12月1日。包括以英文发表的有关10至19岁女孩月经投诉的研究报告。使用诊断准确性研究质量评估2评估质量和偏倚风险。
结果：在8994项确定的研究中，57人被包括在内。在这些研究中,描述了19种仪器，其中8个在青少年中得到验证。一个在日常练习中很难使用，一种在HMB检测中的敏感性和特异性较低，两个通过面部效度进行了验证，和两个没有专门开发来评估月经投诉（的影响）。因此,只有两种方法被验证并可用于测量青少年月经投诉:经期IMPact和疼痛评估(PIPPA)和青少年月经出血问卷(aMBQ).值得注意的是,图片失血评估图(PBAC)是青少年最常用的工具.有一个针对青少年的PBAC的修改版本，HMB的临界值较低，敏感性和特异性较低。
结论：我们发现PIPPA和aMBQ适用于评估月经投诉及其对青少年日常活动和健康相关生活质量的影响。成人中经常使用的PBAC需要专门针对青少年进行进一步评估。特别是,对于该年龄组,应确定PBAC截断值与HMB的临床相关性.考虑到不同的解释，月经投诉的经验和有限的知识，适合成人的仪器可能不适合青少年。
方法：搜索在Pubmed，WebofScience,Embase和Psychinfo在2022年12月1日。包括以英文发表的有关10至19岁女孩月经投诉的研究报告。使用诊断准确性研究质量评估2评估质量和偏倚风险。
结果：在8994项确定的研究中，57人被包括在内。在这些研究中,描述了19种仪器，其中8个在青少年中得到验证。一个在日常练习中很难使用，一种在HMB检测中的敏感性和特异性较低，两个通过面部效度进行了验证，和两个没有专门开发来评估月经投诉（的影响）。因此,只有两种方法被验证并可用于测量青少年月经投诉:经期IMPact和疼痛评估(PIPPA)和青少年月经出血问卷(aMBQ).值得注意的是,图片失血评估图(PBAC)是青少年最常用的工具.有一个针对青少年的PBAC的修改版本，HMB的临界值较低，敏感性和特异性较低。
结论：我们发现PIPPA和aMBQ适用于评估月经投诉及其对青少年日常活动和健康相关生活质量的影响。成人中经常使用的PBAC需要专门针对青少年进行进一步评估。特别是,对于该年龄组,应确定PBAC截断值与HMB的临床相关性.考虑到不同的解释，月经投诉的经验和有限的知识，适合成人的仪器可能不适合青少年。
